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Institution of higher education

A college or university, including all its departments, programs, faculty, and individuals associated with it, as defined by federal education law.

Covered entity

Specific foreign academic institutions or companies, especially those connected to military or defense strategies of countries like the People's Republic of China, and individuals employed by or funded by them.

Fundamental research

Basic or theoretical research, the results of which are openly published and shared within the scientific community, as defined by National Security Decision Directive-189.

Collaboration

Any coordinated activity between a college or university and a covered entity, including sharing facilities, knowledge, data, funding, or joint agreements for research.

Foreign country of concern

A foreign country identified by law as posing a risk to U.S. national security, as defined in the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act.

Waiver

An official decision by a federal agency head to temporarily set aside a rule or restriction in a specific case, allowing an exception to the general prohibition.

Obligated or expended