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Photo Identification (Photo ID)

A government-issued document that includes a person's photograph, such as a driver's license, state ID card, or passport, used to prove identity.

Provisional Ballot

A ballot cast by a voter whose eligibility is in question. It is separated from other ballots until election officials can verify the voter's eligibility.

Universal Vote by Mail

An election system where election officials automatically mail a ballot to every registered voter without them having to specifically request one.

Ranked-Choice Voting

A voting method where voters rank candidates in order of preference rather than choosing just one. If no candidate wins a majority, the candidate with the fewest first-place votes is eliminated, and their votes are redistributed based on the next preferences until a candidate achieves a majority.

Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA)

A federal law passed in 2002 to improve election administration by providing funding to states for voting equipment, provisional ballots, and statewide voter registration databases, among other things.

Absent Uniformed Services Voter

A member of the military or uniformed services who is away from their home state or country, including those serving overseas, and is eligible to vote absentee.