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Latest story Apr 8, 2026 · on ChamberLight since Apr 2026
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12
扬言消灭伊朗文明，特朗普“虚张声势”失度
KATIE ROGERS2026年4月8日 It was a stunning threat that promised to eliminate Iranian civilization, delivered with all the casual callousness that has become President Trump’s preferred style of communication. 这是一种令人震惊的威胁，扬言要消灭伊朗文明，并以特朗普总统惯用的那种轻描淡写的冷酷无情语气发出。 “A whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought back again.” “今晚，整个文明将消亡，永不复返。” And that is what passed as a normal Tuesday-morning update from the Trump White House: a warning of mass destruction and what international law would define as war crimes, blithely delivered on Truth Social, posted alongside ads for bullet-shaped pens, patriotic hats and a gala dinner at Mar-a-Lago. 这是特朗普白宫在一个普通的周二上午所做的日常更新：一则关于大规模毁灭的警告（按国际法可能被认定为战争罪），随意地发布在Truth Social平台上，而这些文字的旁边，就紧挨着子弹形状的钢笔、爱国主题的帽子和马阿拉歌庄园晚宴的营销广告。 “However, now that we have Complete and Total Regime Change, where different, smarter, and less radicalized minds prevail, maybe something revolutionarily wonderful can happen, WHO KNOWS?” Mr. Trump wrote in his message. “We will find out tonight, one of the most important moments in the long and complex history of the World.” “不过，现在我们已经实现了彻底、完全的政权更迭，不同的、更聪明的、不那么激进的人占据上风，也许会发生某种具有革命性、极其美妙的事情，谁知道呢？”特朗普在帖子中写道。“我们今夜就会看到，这是漫长复杂的世界历史上最为重要的时刻。” The message arrived two days after Mr. Trump marked Easter Sunday by calling on the Iranians to end its blockade of the Strait of Hormuz: “Open the Fuckin’ Strait, you crazy bastards, or you’ll be living in Hell — JUST WATCH! Praise be to Allah,” he wrote. 这条消息发出的两天前，特朗普在纪念复活节时呼吁伊朗结束对霍尔木兹海峡的封锁。他写道：“把这他妈的海峡打开，你们这些疯狂的混蛋，否则你们会生活在地狱里——等着瞧吧！赞美真主。” In the minds of the president and his supporters, the post is all part of Mr. Trump’s chaotic negotiation style, intended to prompt an end to his self-inflicted conflict and persuade Tehran to open the strait. Some of the president’s advisers saw Mr. Trump’s escalating rhetoric as a negotiating tactic that suggested he was more interested in finding a way out of the war than following through with a devastating attack. 在总统及其支持者看来，这条帖子不过是特朗普混乱谈判风格的一部分，旨在结束这场他自己引发的冲突，并促使德黑兰开放海峡。总统的一些顾问认为，特朗普不断升级的言论是一种谈判策略，表明他更有兴趣找到一条结束战争的出路，而非真的发动毁灭性打击。 On Tuesday evening, Mr. Trump had toggled back to diplomat mode, announcing that he had agreed to a proposal by Pakistan that calls for a two-week cease-fire and the immediate opening of the Strait of Hormuz. 而到了周二晚间，特朗普又切换回外交模式，宣布已同意巴基斯坦提出的方案，即实施为期两周的停火，并立即开放霍尔木兹海峡。 The president said that the United States would work on finalizing an agreement with Iran. “It is an Honor to have this Longterm problem close to resolution,” he wrote. 总统表示，美国将着手敲定一项与伊朗的协议。“为这一长期问题即将得到解决而深感荣幸，”他写道。 Even for Mr. Trump, who has a long history of comments that fly far beyond the pale, his latest comments bear the mark of an impulsive leader who is used to getting his way through coercion and unpredictability, but who is not getting his way now. 即便是对一向言论出格的特朗普来说，他最近这些表态也带有一种冲动型领导人的鲜明印记，这种领导者习惯于通过胁迫和不可预测性来达到目的，但眼下这些手段却失灵了。 周一，特朗普在白宫的一场媒体吹风会上。 Alex Wellerstein, a historian who studies nuclear conflicts, said that even if Mr. Trump does not carry out the extent of his threat, the president’s violent rhetoric damages his credibility as a negotiator and his country’s standing in the world. 研究核冲突的历史学家亚历克斯·韦勒斯坦表示，即便特朗普最终没有把威胁落实到他说的那个程度，他这种充满暴力意味的言论也损害了他作为谈判者的信誉以及美国在世界上的地位。 “You’re talking about a world that largely increasingly sees the United States as unhinged and dangerous, and not a reliable partner,” he said, “where all of the countries that typically align with democracy and freedom are on the other side of the United States.” “你面对的是一个越来越将美国视为失控、危险、不可靠伙伴的世界，”他说，“那些通常与民主和自由站在一起的国家现在都站在美国的对立面。” Some of Mr. Trump’s most fervent supporters have joined the usual chorus of critics in recent days. Tucker Carlson, the right-wing podcaster, said that the president’s Easter message had “shattered” the holiest day on the Christian calendar. 近几天，特朗普一些最狂热的支持者也加入了批评者的队伍。右翼播客主持人塔克·卡尔森表示，总统在复活节当天发布的那条信息“毁掉了”基督教日历上最神圣的一天。 “It is vile on every level,” Mr. Carlson said on his podcast. “It begins with a promise to use the U.S. military, our military, to destroy civilian infrastructure in another country, which is to say to commit a war crime, a moral crime against the people of the country, whose welfare, by the way, was one of the reasons we supposedly went into this war in the first place.” “这在各个层面上都令人不齿，”卡尔森在自己的播客中说，“它以扬言动用美国军队——我们的军队——去摧毁另一个国家的民用基础设施开头，也就是说，去犯下战争罪，去对那个国家的民众犯下道德罪行。而顺便提一句，那些人的福祉，本是我们当初宣称加入这场战争的原因之一。” The president responded by calling Mr. Carlson a “low I.Q. person,” and continuing on with his war. Ever a reality television producer, Mr. Trump is trying to program this war like he does everything else — through cliffhangers and wait-and-see diplomacy. As such, Mr. Trump created an 8 p.m. Eastern deadline Tuesday for Tehran to comply. Mr. Trump announced “a double sided CEASEFIRE” about 90 minutes before his self-imposed deadline. 总统则回应称卡尔森是个“脑子不灵光的人”，并继续推进他的战争。作为一名曾经的真人秀制片人，特朗普正试图像操控其他一切事务那样来操控这场战争——靠制造悬念和“走着瞧”式外交。因此，特朗普把美国东部时间周二晚上8点设为德黑兰必须服从的最后期限。就在这个由他自己设定的最后期限前大约90分钟，特朗普宣布达成了“一项双边停火协议”。 周一，德黑兰在空袭中受损的建筑。 Americans have seen versions of this playbook before: Mr. Trump makes increasingly escalatory threats, secures some semblance of a deal and walks away declaring victory. In January, Mr. Trump threatened to send in U.S. forces to capture the Danish territory of Greenland. He settled for an agreement to increase the number of American troops there. 美国人以前就见识过这种套路：特朗普不断升级威胁，最终达成某种形式的协议，然后转身宣布取得了胜利。今年1月，特朗普威胁要派美军占领丹麦领地格陵兰岛。他最终满足于达成一项增加美国驻军人数的协议。 With Iran, though, there is still little evidence that Mr. Trump is going to ultimately get what he wants. Ebrahim Zolfaghari, a spokesman for the Iranian military, has said that Iran would retaliate “crushingly and extensively” if its civilian infrastructure were attacked. 但在伊朗问题上，目前几乎没有证据表明特朗普最终能得到他想要的东西。伊朗军方发言人易卜拉欣·佐尔法加里表示，如果民用基础设施遭到攻击，伊朗将进行“毁灭性的、大规模的”报复。 Even with a cease-fire, Mr. Trump is far from achieving his larger strategic objectives. 即便达成了停火，特朗普距离实现他的更大战略目标仍相去甚远。 The president’s increasingly violent messaging betrays a degree of frustration that he has not gotten what he wanted after pushing back an earlier deadline to barrage the country’s infrastructure. His threats to level power plants and oil installations and bridges have seemed to have the opposite effect on some Iranians, who have formed human chains around points of infrastructure that support civilian life. 总统越来越暴力的言论暴露出某种程度的挫败感——在推翻了此前对伊朗基础设施进行打击的最后期限之后，他并没有得到自己想要的东西。他发出的摧毁发电厂、石油设施和桥梁的威胁，似乎在一些伊朗民众身上产生了相反的效果——他们在支撑民生的基础设施周围组成了人链。 Even some people who have supported Mr. Trump in the past see his strategy on Iran, to the extent that there is one, as damaging and dangerous. 甚至一些过去支持特朗普的人也认为，他在伊朗问题上的策略——如果说存在策略的话——是有害且危险的。 “Trump believes he is threatening Iran with destruction, but it is America that now stands in danger,” Joe Kent, the former director of the National Counterterrorism Center who resigned in March, wrote on X. “If he attempts to eradicate Iranian civilization, the United States will no longer be viewed as a stabilizing force in the world, but as an agent of chaos — effectively ending our status as the world’s greatest superpower.” “特朗普认为他是在用毁灭来威胁伊朗，但现在处于危险之中的反而是美国，”3月份辞职的国家反恐中心前主任乔·肯特在X上写道。“如果他试图消灭伊朗文明，美国将不再被视为世界上的稳定力量，而是混乱的根源——这实际上将终结我们作为世界头号超级大国的地位。” Several Republicans in Congress, who are absent from Washington during a two-week recess, criticized the president’s rhetoric, although many of them have stayed mum. 在为期两周的休会期间离开华盛顿的多名国会共和党人批评了总统的言论，不过其中许多人仍保持沉默。 Senator Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, a close ally of Mr. Trump’s, left room for the possibility that Mr. Trump was posturing: “I hope and pray that President Trump is just using this as bluster.” 威斯康星州参议员、特朗普的亲密盟友罗恩·约翰逊为特朗普是在虚张声势的可能性留出了空间：“我希望并祈祷特朗普总统只是把这当作恫吓。” Mr. Trump’s message also alarmed top Democrats, who quickly promised to force another vote on a resolution to rein in the use of the military in Iran. 特朗普的言论也让民主党高层感到震惊，他们迅速表态，将推动再次就一项限制对伊朗动用军事力量的决议进行投票。 “This is an extremely sick person,” Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the minority leader, wrote on X after Mr. Trump sent his threat. “Each Republican who refuses to join us in voting against this wanton war of choice owns every consequence of whatever the hell this is.” “这是一个极其病态的人，”纽约州参议员、少数党领袖查克·舒默在特朗普发出威胁后于X平台上写道，“每一个拒绝与我们一起投票反对这场肆意妄为的选择性战争的共和党人，都要对这桩荒唐之举引发的一切后果承担责任。” Other Democrats have called to remove Mr. Trump from office over his threats, with some calling for impeachment and others pointing to the 25th Amendment, which provides a process for a president to be stripped of power if he is “unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office.” 其他一些民主党人则呼吁因这些威胁将特朗普罢免，一些人主张弹劾，另一些人则援引第25修正案——该修正案规定，如果总统“无法履行其职权和职责”，可启动程序剥夺其权力。 They were joined by Marjorie Taylor Greene, the former Republican representative who has shifted from being one of Trump’s staunchest allies to being one of his most vocal detractors. 他们的呼声还得到了玛乔丽·泰勒·格林的呼应。这位前共和党众议员已从特朗普最坚定的盟友之一，转变为最直言不讳的批评者之一。 “25TH AMENDMENT!!!” she wrote on X. “Not a single bomb has dropped on America. We cannot kill an entire civilization. This is evil and madness.” “第25修正案！！！”她在X平台上写道。“美国没有挨过一颗炸弹。我们不能消灭一整个文明。这是邪恶，也是疯狂。” Tyler Pager、Michael Gold和Robert Jimison对本文有报道贡献。 Katie Rogers是《纽约时报》白宫记者，报道特朗普总统相关新闻。 翻译：杜然 点击查看本文英文版。 获取更多RSS： https://feedx.net https://feedx.site
扬言消灭伊朗文明，特朗普“虚张声势”失度
KATIE ROGERS2026年4月8日 It was a stunning threat that promised to eliminate Iranian civilization, delivered with all the casual callousness that has become President Trump’s preferred style of communication. 这是一种令人震惊的威胁，扬言要消灭伊朗文明，并以特朗普总统惯用的那种轻描淡写的冷酷无情语气发出。 “A whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought back again.” “今晚，整个文明将消亡，永不复返。” And that is what passed as a normal Tuesday-morning update from the Trump White House: a warning of mass destruction and what international law would define as war crimes, blithely delivered on Truth Social, posted alongside ads for bullet-shaped pens, patriotic hats and a gala dinner at Mar-a-Lago. 这是特朗普白宫在一个普通的周二上午所做的日常更新：一则关于大规模毁灭的警告（按国际法可能被认定为战争罪），随意地发布在Truth Social平台上，而这些文字的旁边，就紧挨着子弹形状的钢笔、爱国主题的帽子和马阿拉歌庄园晚宴的营销广告。 “However, now that we have Complete and Total Regime Change, where different, smarter, and less radicalized minds prevail, maybe something revolutionarily wonderful can happen, WHO KNOWS?” Mr. Trump wrote in his message. “We will find out tonight, one of the most important moments in the long and complex history of the World.” “不过，现在我们已经实现了彻底、完全的政权更迭，不同的、更聪明的、不那么激进的人占据上风，也许会发生某种具有革命性、极其美妙的事情，谁知道呢？”特朗普在帖子中写道。“我们今夜就会看到，这是漫长复杂的世界历史上最为重要的时刻。” The message arrived two days after Mr. Trump marked Easter Sunday by calling on the Iranians to end its blockade of the Strait of Hormuz: “Open the Fuckin’ Strait, you crazy bastards, or you’ll be living in Hell — JUST WATCH! Praise be to Allah,” he wrote. 这条消息发出的两天前，特朗普在纪念复活节时呼吁伊朗结束对霍尔木兹海峡的封锁。他写道：“把这他妈的海峡打开，你们这些疯狂的混蛋，否则你们会生活在地狱里——等着瞧吧！赞美真主。” In the minds of the president and his supporters, the post is all part of Mr. Trump’s chaotic negotiation style, intended to prompt an end to his self-inflicted conflict and persuade Tehran to open the strait. Some of the president’s advisers saw Mr. Trump’s escalating rhetoric as a negotiating tactic that suggested he was more interested in finding a way out of the war than following through with a devastating attack. 在总统及其支持者看来，这条帖子不过是特朗普混乱谈判风格的一部分，旨在结束这场他自己引发的冲突，并促使德黑兰开放海峡。总统的一些顾问认为，特朗普不断升级的言论是一种谈判策略，表明他更有兴趣找到一条结束战争的出路，而非真的发动毁灭性打击。 On Tuesday evening, Mr. Trump had toggled back to diplomat mode, announcing that he had agreed to a proposal by Pakistan that calls for a two-week cease-fire and the immediate opening of the Strait of Hormuz. 而到了周二晚间，特朗普又切换回外交模式，宣布已同意巴基斯坦提出的方案，即实施为期两周的停火，并立即开放霍尔木兹海峡。 The president said that the United States would work on finalizing an agreement with Iran. “It is an Honor to have this Longterm problem close to resolution,” he wrote. 总统表示，美国将着手敲定一项与伊朗的协议。“为这一长期问题即将得到解决而深感荣幸，”他写道。 Even for Mr. Trump, who has a long history of comments that fly far beyond the pale, his latest comments bear the mark of an impulsive leader who is used to getting his way through coercion and unpredictability, but who is not getting his way now. 即便是对一向言论出格的特朗普来说，他最近这些表态也带有一种冲动型领导人的鲜明印记，这种领导者习惯于通过胁迫和不可预测性来达到目的，但眼下这些手段却失灵了。 周一，特朗普在白宫的一场媒体吹风会上。 Alex Wellerstein, a historian who studies nuclear conflicts, said that even if Mr. Trump does not carry out the extent of his threat, the president’s violent rhetoric damages his credibility as a negotiator and his country’s standing in the world. 研究核冲突的历史学家亚历克斯·韦勒斯坦表示，即便特朗普最终没有把威胁落实到他说的那个程度，他这种充满暴力意味的言论也损害了他作为谈判者的信誉以及美国在世界上的地位。 “You’re talking about a world that largely increasingly sees the United States as unhinged and dangerous, and not a reliable partner,” he said, “where all of the countries that typically align with democracy and freedom are on the other side of the United States.” “你面对的是一个越来越将美国视为失控、危险、不可靠伙伴的世界，”他说，“那些通常与民主和自由站在一起的国家现在都站在美国的对立面。” Some of Mr. Trump’s most fervent supporters have joined the usual chorus of critics in recent days. Tucker Carlson, the right-wing podcaster, said that the president’s Easter message had “shattered” the holiest day on the Christian calendar. 近几天，特朗普一些最狂热的支持者也加入了批评者的队伍。右翼播客主持人塔克·卡尔森表示，总统在复活节当天发布的那条信息“毁掉了”基督教日历上最神圣的一天。 “It is vile on every level,” Mr. Carlson said on his podcast. “It begins with a promise to use the U.S. military, our military, to destroy civilian infrastructure in another country, which is to say to commit a war crime, a moral crime against the people of the country, whose welfare, by the way, was one of the reasons we supposedly went into this war in the first place.” “这在各个层面上都令人不齿，”卡尔森在自己的播客中说，“它以扬言动用美国军队——我们的军队——去摧毁另一个国家的民用基础设施开头，也就是说，去犯下战争罪，去对那个国家的民众犯下道德罪行。而顺便提一句，那些人的福祉，本是我们当初宣称加入这场战争的原因之一。” The president responded by calling Mr. Carlson a “low I.Q. person,” and continuing on with his war. Ever a reality television producer, Mr. Trump is trying to program this war like he does everything else — through cliffhangers and wait-and-see diplomacy. As such, Mr. Trump created an 8 p.m. Eastern deadline Tuesday for Tehran to comply. Mr. Trump announced “a double sided CEASEFIRE” about 90 minutes before his self-imposed deadline. 总统则回应称卡尔森是个“脑子不灵光的人”，并继续推进他的战争。作为一名曾经的真人秀制片人，特朗普正试图像操控其他一切事务那样来操控这场战争——靠制造悬念和“走着瞧”式外交。因此，特朗普把美国东部时间周二晚上8点设为德黑兰必须服从的最后期限。就在这个由他自己设定的最后期限前大约90分钟，特朗普宣布达成了“一项双边停火协议”。 周一，德黑兰在空袭中受损的建筑。 Americans have seen versions of this playbook before: Mr. Trump makes increasingly escalatory threats, secures some semblance of a deal and walks away declaring victory. In January, Mr. Trump threatened to send in U.S. forces to capture the Danish territory of Greenland. He settled for an agreement to increase the number of American troops there. 美国人以前就见识过这种套路：特朗普不断升级威胁，最终达成某种形式的协议，然后转身宣布取得了胜利。今年1月，特朗普威胁要派美军占领丹麦领地格陵兰岛。他最终满足于达成一项增加美国驻军人数的协议。 With Iran, though, there is still little evidence that Mr. Trump is going to ultimately get what he wants. Ebrahim Zolfaghari, a spokesman for the Iranian military, has said that Iran would retaliate “crushingly and extensively” if its civilian infrastructure were attacked. 但在伊朗问题上，目前几乎没有证据表明特朗普最终能得到他想要的东西。伊朗军方发言人易卜拉欣·佐尔法加里表示，如果民用基础设施遭到攻击，伊朗将进行“毁灭性的、大规模的”报复。 Even with a cease-fire, Mr. Trump is far from achieving his larger strategic objectives. 即便达成了停火，特朗普距离实现他的更大战略目标仍相去甚远。 The president’s increasingly violent messaging betrays a degree of frustration that he has not gotten what he wanted after pushing back an earlier deadline to barrage the country’s infrastructure. His threats to level power plants and oil installations and bridges have seemed to have the opposite effect on some Iranians, who have formed human chains around points of infrastructure that support civilian life. 总统越来越暴力的言论暴露出某种程度的挫败感——在推翻了此前对伊朗基础设施进行打击的最后期限之后，他并没有得到自己想要的东西。他发出的摧毁发电厂、石油设施和桥梁的威胁，似乎在一些伊朗民众身上产生了相反的效果——他们在支撑民生的基础设施周围组成了人链。 Even some people who have supported Mr. Trump in the past see his strategy on Iran, to the extent that there is one, as damaging and dangerous. 甚至一些过去支持特朗普的人也认为，他在伊朗问题上的策略——如果说存在策略的话——是有害且危险的。 “Trump believes he is threatening Iran with destruction, but it is America that now stands in danger,” Joe Kent, the former director of the National Counterterrorism Center who resigned in March, wrote on X. “If he attempts to eradicate Iranian civilization, the United States will no longer be viewed as a stabilizing force in the world, but as an agent of chaos — effectively ending our status as the world’s greatest superpower.” “特朗普认为他是在用毁灭来威胁伊朗，但现在处于危险之中的反而是美国，”3月份辞职的国家反恐中心前主任乔·肯特在X上写道。“如果他试图消灭伊朗文明，美国将不再被视为世界上的稳定力量，而是混乱的根源——这实际上将终结我们作为世界头号超级大国的地位。” Several Republicans in Congress, who are absent from Washington during a two-week recess, criticized the president’s rhetoric, although many of them have stayed mum. 在为期两周的休会期间离开华盛顿的多名国会共和党人批评了总统的言论，不过其中许多人仍保持沉默。 Senator Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, a close ally of Mr. Trump’s, left room for the possibility that Mr. Trump was posturing: “I hope and pray that President Trump is just using this as bluster.” 威斯康星州参议员、特朗普的亲密盟友罗恩·约翰逊为特朗普是在虚张声势的可能性留出了空间：“我希望并祈祷特朗普总统只是把这当作恫吓。” Mr. Trump’s message also alarmed top Democrats, who quickly promised to force another vote on a resolution to rein in the use of the military in Iran. 特朗普的言论也让民主党高层感到震惊，他们迅速表态，将推动再次就一项限制对伊朗动用军事力量的决议进行投票。 “This is an extremely sick person,” Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the minority leader, wrote on X after Mr. Trump sent his threat. “Each Republican who refuses to join us in voting against this wanton war of choice owns every consequence of whatever the hell this is.” “这是一个极其病态的人，”纽约州参议员、少数党领袖查克·舒默在特朗普发出威胁后于X平台上写道，“每一个拒绝与我们一起投票反对这场肆意妄为的选择性战争的共和党人，都要对这桩荒唐之举引发的一切后果承担责任。” Other Democrats have called to remove Mr. Trump from office over his threats, with some calling for impeachment and others pointing to the 25th Amendment, which provides a process for a president to be stripped of power if he is “unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office.” 其他一些民主党人则呼吁因这些威胁将特朗普罢免，一些人主张弹劾，另一些人则援引第25修正案——该修正案规定，如果总统“无法履行其职权和职责”，可启动程序剥夺其权力。 They were joined by Marjorie Taylor Greene, the former Republican representative who has shifted from being one of Trump’s staunchest allies to being one of his most vocal detractors. 他们的呼声还得到了玛乔丽·泰勒·格林的呼应。这位前共和党众议员已从特朗普最坚定的盟友之一，转变为最直言不讳的批评者之一。 “25TH AMENDMENT!!!” she wrote on X. “Not a single bomb has dropped on America. We cannot kill an entire civilization. This is evil and madness.” “第25修正案！！！”她在X平台上写道。“美国没有挨过一颗炸弹。我们不能消灭一整个文明。这是邪恶，也是疯狂。” Tyler Pager、Michael Gold和Robert Jimison对本文有报道贡献。 Katie Rogers是《纽约时报》白宫记者，报道特朗普总统相关新闻。 翻译：杜然 点击查看本文英文版。 获取更多RSS： https://feedx.net https://feedx.site
特朗普在达沃斯：美国与盟友上演戏剧性“决裂”
ZOLAN KANNO-YOUNGS2026年1月22日周三，在达沃斯聆听特朗普总统演讲的与会者。 Doug Mills/The New York Times As President Trump threatened to upend some of the central pillars of the Western order on Wednesday, during a speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, some in the crowd of elites sat speechless. Others groaned. A few gasped. 周三，在瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛上，美国总统特朗普威胁要颠覆西方秩序的一些核心支柱时，会场上的精英们有些人坐在那里哑口无言。有些人发出叹息。还有人倒抽一口凉气。 Alexander Stubb, the Finnish president and a key power broker in Europe, stood up ashen-faced at the end of the speech that took aim at people like him: the leaders of the Western political and economic elite. As others made for the exits, Mr. Stubb approached Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina — seeking to learn more, Mr. Graham later said, about Mr. Trump and the United States’ position. 关键的欧洲权力中间人、芬兰总统亚历山大·斯图布在演讲结束后脸色苍白地站了起来。这场演讲针对的就是像他这样的人：西方政治领袖和经济精英们。当人们纷纷走向出口时，斯图布走向了南卡罗来纳州共和党参议员林赛·格雷厄姆，后者晚些时候表示，斯图布是想了解更多关于特朗普和美国立场的细节。 “Everybody in Europe is concerned,” Mr. Graham, an ally of Mr. Trump, said dismissively after speaking to Mr. Stubb. “They’re concerned when they get up and when they go to bed.” “欧洲每个人都很担心，”作为特朗普盟友的格雷厄姆在与斯图布交谈后轻蔑地说。“他们起床时担心，上床睡觉时也担心。” The reaction from Mr. Stubb, who declined to comment, embodied a broader sense of shock across the conference, a talking shop for political and economic leaders. For decades, like-minded politicians, businesspeople, investors and celebrities have gathered in Davos to discuss a shared economic and political future. But for more than an hour on Wednesday in one of the main speaking halls, Mr. Trump transformed the forum into the setting of a dramatic rupture between the West’s leading player and its increasingly distant allies. 斯图布拒绝置评，但他的反应体现了整个会议普遍的震惊感。这场会议是政治和经济领袖们的论坛。几十年来，志同道合的政治家、企业人士、投资者和名人齐聚达沃斯，讨论共同的经济和政治未来。但周三的，在一个主要演讲厅里，特朗普用一个多小时将这个论坛变成了西方主导力量与其日益疏远的盟友之间戏剧性决裂的舞台。 After mocking European leaders for days, Mr. Trump flew thousands of miles to this snowy mountainside to launch into a verbal assault against the Western alliance, the values of its leaders and societies, and the framework of world trade. 连续几天嘲讽欧洲领导人后，特朗普飞越数千公里来到这个白雪覆盖的山坡，对西方联盟、其领导人和社会的价值观以及世界贸易框架发起言语攻击。 By the end of the day Mr. Trump had rescinded some of his worst threats, saying that he had reached a tentative framework with NATO over the future of Greenland, which he wants to buy from Denmark, and withdrawn threats to impose new tariffs on allies that opposed U.S. ownership of Greenland. 当日结束时特朗普收回了一些最严重的威胁。他说，他已与北约就格陵兰岛的未来达成初步框架协议（他希望向丹麦购买该岛），并撤回了向反对美国拥有格陵兰岛的盟友征收新关税的威胁。 While some European leaders expressed a glimmer of hope over the moves, they did little to salve the deep fear among Davos’s browbeaten guests that the United States could no longer be relied on as an ally. Earlier in the day the group had weathered insult after insult from Mr. Trump about their approach to trade, the environment and immigration. 这些举动让一些欧洲领导人表现出些许希望，但并未缓解达沃斯那些备受打击的与会者内心深处的恐惧：美国不再是可靠的盟友。当天早些时候，这个群体已经连续遭受了特朗普在贸易、环境和移民问题上对他们的侮辱。 Scattered chuckling fell to an anxious silence before turning into audible gasps as Mr. Trump used his speech to once again demand ownership of Greenland, lash out against NATO and vaguely threaten economic warfare if the European leaders did not acquiesce to his demands. 随着特朗普在演讲中再次要求拥有格陵兰岛、抨击北约，并模糊地威胁如果欧洲领导人不同意他的要求将发动经济战，零星的轻笑转为焦虑的沉默，最终变成清晰可闻的惊恐。 European leaders sat stunned as Mr. Trump insulted their governments and questioned their reliability as allies. Others grimaced as Mr. Trump claimed the European nations and Canada owed the United States a debt. Some even scrambled after the speech to find and question current and former U.S. officials about the president’s thinking and the future of the United States as a trustworthy partner. 欧洲领导人们震惊地看着特朗普侮辱他们的政府，质疑他们作为盟友的可靠性。有些人则在特朗普声称欧洲国家和加拿大欠美国一笔债时脸部扭曲。有人甚至在演讲结束后匆忙寻找现任和前任美国官员，询问总统的想法以及美国作为可靠伙伴的未来。 Phil Gordon, a former national security adviser for Kamala Harris who attended the speech, said foreign officials approached him during the summit asking if Mr. Trump’s position was now “permanent.” 曾任贺锦丽国家安全顾问的菲尔·戈登出席了该活动，他表示外国官员在峰会中来问他，特朗普的立场是否已经“固化”。 “Is this America?” Mr. Gordon said European officials asked him on Wednesday. “And is the post-World War II era definitively over — or is there any hope it comes back?” “这是美国吗？”戈登说欧洲官员周三这样问他。“二战后的时代是否彻底结束了——还是说尚有希望回归？” 周三，特朗普与商业领袖们交谈。 But there was also a growing acceptance that a new world order is now emerging, right under their noses at a conference that for years was so emblematic of the old frameworks. 但与此同时，也出现了越来越明显的接受：一个新世界秩序正在与会者们眼皮底下浮现，而这个会议多年来一直是旧框架的象征。 “They accept that under Trump this is a new world,” said Mr. Gordon. “No one can deny that and even the Europeans who have been in denial now accept.” “他们接受在特朗普领导下已然是一个新世界，”戈登说。“没人能否认这一点，甚至那些一直否认的欧洲人现在也接受了。” In his speech, Mr. Trump crystallized an idea central to that new world — a searing disregard for the post-World War II world order. 在演讲中，特朗普阐明了这个新世界观的一个核心理念——对二战后世界秩序的彻底漠视。 Mr. Trump suggested the European allies owed him Greenland. He said that without the United States’ efforts in World War II, “you’d all be speaking German and a little Japanese perhaps,” prompting moans from the crowd. And while he said he would not use force to obtain Greenland — prompting some to breathe a sigh of relief — he did continued to frame Greenland as a debt that needed to be paid. 特朗普暗示格陵兰岛本就是欧洲盟友欠他的。他说，如果没有美国在二战中的努力，“你们所有人现在都说德语，或许还会点日语”，此言令台下一些人表现出不满。虽然他说不会使用武力获取格陵兰岛——这让一些人松了口气——但他继续将格陵兰岛框定为需要偿还的债务。 “You can say yes and we will be very appreciative or you can say no and we will remember,” Mr. Trump said. “你们可以说‘是’，我们会非常感激；或者说‘不’，我们也会记住，”特朗普说。 Mr. Trump took particular aim at Switzerland, the country hosting the summit, stunning some Swiss officials. “They’re only good because of us,” Mr. Trump said of the Swiss as he celebrated his sweeping tariffs. 特朗普特别针对主办峰会的瑞士发起抨击，这让一些瑞士官员震惊。“他们之所以好，全靠我们，”特朗普在庆祝自己全面关税时这样说瑞士人。 “I was really astonished,” said Elisabeth Schneider-Schneiter, a member of the Swiss Parliament. “We are the hosts, we are the guarantee for his security from the airport to Davos, with public tax money spent, and I was convinced that we had resolved the trade issue.” “我真的很震惊，”瑞士议会议员伊丽莎白·施奈德-施奈特说。“我们是东道主，我们用公共税款保障他从机场到达沃斯的安全，我本以为我们已经解决了贸易问题。” Whether the attendees liked his speech or not — and many seemed to loathe it — Mr. Trump’s appearance was the talk of the conference. 不管与会者是否喜欢他的演讲——很多人似乎不喜欢——特朗普的出现仍是会议的热门话题。 Outside the hall where Mr. Trump spoke, companies held watch parties to view his speech. Attendees tried to rearrange meetings in order not to miss it. On the promenade, people live streamed his remarks while walking, before others later recounted the bombshells in the speech. “Are we even important?” one asked. 在演讲的大厅外，多家企业组织了观看会。与会者试图重新安排会议，以免错过这场讲话。在步行街上，人们边走边看讲话的直播，后来又有一些人在复述演讲中的重磅内容。“我们还重要吗？”有人问道。 特朗普周三乘直升机抵达达沃斯。 Yet others spoke of a disaster averted, particularly after Mr. Trump said he was not interested in using force to acquire Greenland. Senator Chris Coons, Democrat of Delaware, said he later encountered some European officials who told him “it could’ve been worse.” 然而，也有人谈到一场灾难得以避免，特别是特朗普表示他无意使用武力获取格陵兰岛后。特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯表示，他后来遇到一些欧洲官员，他们告诉他，“本可能更糟糕。” “It’s remarkable when we’ve gotten to a place where we’re saying it could’ve been worse because an American president took off the table the use of force against a NATO ally,” Mr. Coons said. “当我们到了这样一个地步——因为一位美国总统取消了对北约盟友使用武力的选项——我们却说‘本可能更糟糕’，这真是不可思议，”库恩斯说。 Here and there, you could find warm support for the president. 时不时还能看到对总统的热烈支持。 After his speech, Mr. Trump spoke at a reception for business executives, financial chiefs and cryptocurrency leaders. 演讲后，特朗普在为商业高管、金融主管和加密货币领袖举办的招待会上讲话。 “We got great reviews,” Mr. Trump told the crowd. “I can’t believe it, but we got good reviews of that speech. Usually they say he’s a horrible dictator type person, but sometimes you need a dictator.” “我们获得了极好的评价，”特朗普对人群说。“我简直不敢相信，但那场演讲获得了好评。通常他们说我是个可怕的独裁者类型的人，但有时你需要一个独裁者。” Minutes later, as Mr. Trump finished speaking, he was met with loud applause. 几分钟后，特朗普结束讲话时，获得了响亮的掌声。 And once Mr. Trump revoked some of his biggest threats on Wednesday evening, the mood across the conference edged closer to relief. 特朗普在周三晚上撤销了一些最大威胁后，整个会议的气氛就趋向于宽慰。 After Mr. Trump’s decision to pull back on tariffs, some attendees texted their peers a single word: “Taco!” 在特朗普决定撤回关税后，一些与会者给同行发短信，只有一个词：“Taco！” The term is short for Trump Always Chickens Out, a tongue-in-cheek quip adopted by some critics to describe Mr. Trump’s tendency to threaten sweeping tariffs, only to pull them back. 这个词是“Trump Always Chickens Out”（特朗普总是临阵退缩）的缩写，一些批评者用这个俏皮说法描述特朗普倾向于威胁全面关税、最终却撤回的习惯。 “They’ve lived through so many cycles of this,” Mr. Gordon said. “You live to fight another day.” “他们已经经历过这么多轮这样的循环，”戈登说。“活下来，就能再战一天。” Zolan Kanno-Youngs是时报白宫记者，报道特朗普总统及其政府。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。
特朗普在达沃斯：美国与盟友上演戏剧性“决裂”
ZOLAN KANNO-YOUNGS2026年1月22日周三，在达沃斯聆听特朗普总统演讲的与会者。 Doug Mills/The New York Times As President Trump threatened to upend some of the central pillars of the Western order on Wednesday, during a speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, some in the crowd of elites sat speechless. Others groaned. A few gasped. 周三，在瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛上，美国总统特朗普威胁要颠覆西方秩序的一些核心支柱时，会场上的精英们有些人坐在那里哑口无言。有些人发出叹息。还有人倒抽一口凉气。 Alexander Stubb, the Finnish president and a key power broker in Europe, stood up ashen-faced at the end of the speech that took aim at people like him: the leaders of the Western political and economic elite. As others made for the exits, Mr. Stubb approached Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina — seeking to learn more, Mr. Graham later said, about Mr. Trump and the United States’ position. 关键的欧洲权力中间人、芬兰总统亚历山大·斯图布在演讲结束后脸色苍白地站了起来。这场演讲针对的就是像他这样的人：西方政治领袖和经济精英们。当人们纷纷走向出口时，斯图布走向了南卡罗来纳州共和党参议员林赛·格雷厄姆，后者晚些时候表示，斯图布是想了解更多关于特朗普和美国立场的细节。 “Everybody in Europe is concerned,” Mr. Graham, an ally of Mr. Trump, said dismissively after speaking to Mr. Stubb. “They’re concerned when they get up and when they go to bed.” “欧洲每个人都很担心，”作为特朗普盟友的格雷厄姆在与斯图布交谈后轻蔑地说。“他们起床时担心，上床睡觉时也担心。” The reaction from Mr. Stubb, who declined to comment, embodied a broader sense of shock across the conference, a talking shop for political and economic leaders. For decades, like-minded politicians, businesspeople, investors and celebrities have gathered in Davos to discuss a shared economic and political future. But for more than an hour on Wednesday in one of the main speaking halls, Mr. Trump transformed the forum into the setting of a dramatic rupture between the West’s leading player and its increasingly distant allies. 斯图布拒绝置评，但他的反应体现了整个会议普遍的震惊感。这场会议是政治和经济领袖们的论坛。几十年来，志同道合的政治家、企业人士、投资者和名人齐聚达沃斯，讨论共同的经济和政治未来。但周三的，在一个主要演讲厅里，特朗普用一个多小时将这个论坛变成了西方主导力量与其日益疏远的盟友之间戏剧性决裂的舞台。 After mocking European leaders for days, Mr. Trump flew thousands of miles to this snowy mountainside to launch into a verbal assault against the Western alliance, the values of its leaders and societies, and the framework of world trade. 连续几天嘲讽欧洲领导人后，特朗普飞越数千公里来到这个白雪覆盖的山坡，对西方联盟、其领导人和社会的价值观以及世界贸易框架发起言语攻击。 By the end of the day Mr. Trump had rescinded some of his worst threats, saying that he had reached a tentative framework with NATO over the future of Greenland, which he wants to buy from Denmark, and withdrawn threats to impose new tariffs on allies that opposed U.S. ownership of Greenland. 当日结束时特朗普收回了一些最严重的威胁。他说，他已与北约就格陵兰岛的未来达成初步框架协议（他希望向丹麦购买该岛），并撤回了向反对美国拥有格陵兰岛的盟友征收新关税的威胁。 While some European leaders expressed a glimmer of hope over the moves, they did little to salve the deep fear among Davos’s browbeaten guests that the United States could no longer be relied on as an ally. Earlier in the day the group had weathered insult after insult from Mr. Trump about their approach to trade, the environment and immigration. 这些举动让一些欧洲领导人表现出些许希望，但并未缓解达沃斯那些备受打击的与会者内心深处的恐惧：美国不再是可靠的盟友。当天早些时候，这个群体已经连续遭受了特朗普在贸易、环境和移民问题上对他们的侮辱。 Scattered chuckling fell to an anxious silence before turning into audible gasps as Mr. Trump used his speech to once again demand ownership of Greenland, lash out against NATO and vaguely threaten economic warfare if the European leaders did not acquiesce to his demands. 随着特朗普在演讲中再次要求拥有格陵兰岛、抨击北约，并模糊地威胁如果欧洲领导人不同意他的要求将发动经济战，零星的轻笑转为焦虑的沉默，最终变成清晰可闻的惊恐。 European leaders sat stunned as Mr. Trump insulted their governments and questioned their reliability as allies. Others grimaced as Mr. Trump claimed the European nations and Canada owed the United States a debt. Some even scrambled after the speech to find and question current and former U.S. officials about the president’s thinking and the future of the United States as a trustworthy partner. 欧洲领导人们震惊地看着特朗普侮辱他们的政府，质疑他们作为盟友的可靠性。有些人则在特朗普声称欧洲国家和加拿大欠美国一笔债时脸部扭曲。有人甚至在演讲结束后匆忙寻找现任和前任美国官员，询问总统的想法以及美国作为可靠伙伴的未来。 Phil Gordon, a former national security adviser for Kamala Harris who attended the speech, said foreign officials approached him during the summit asking if Mr. Trump’s position was now “permanent.” 曾任贺锦丽国家安全顾问的菲尔·戈登出席了该活动，他表示外国官员在峰会中来问他，特朗普的立场是否已经“固化”。 “Is this America?” Mr. Gordon said European officials asked him on Wednesday. “And is the post-World War II era definitively over — or is there any hope it comes back?” “这是美国吗？”戈登说欧洲官员周三这样问他。“二战后的时代是否彻底结束了——还是说尚有希望回归？” 周三，特朗普与商业领袖们交谈。 But there was also a growing acceptance that a new world order is now emerging, right under their noses at a conference that for years was so emblematic of the old frameworks. 但与此同时，也出现了越来越明显的接受：一个新世界秩序正在与会者们眼皮底下浮现，而这个会议多年来一直是旧框架的象征。 “They accept that under Trump this is a new world,” said Mr. Gordon. “No one can deny that and even the Europeans who have been in denial now accept.” “他们接受在特朗普领导下已然是一个新世界，”戈登说。“没人能否认这一点，甚至那些一直否认的欧洲人现在也接受了。” In his speech, Mr. Trump crystallized an idea central to that new world — a searing disregard for the post-World War II world order. 在演讲中，特朗普阐明了这个新世界观的一个核心理念——对二战后世界秩序的彻底漠视。 Mr. Trump suggested the European allies owed him Greenland. He said that without the United States’ efforts in World War II, “you’d all be speaking German and a little Japanese perhaps,” prompting moans from the crowd. And while he said he would not use force to obtain Greenland — prompting some to breathe a sigh of relief — he did continued to frame Greenland as a debt that needed to be paid. 特朗普暗示格陵兰岛本就是欧洲盟友欠他的。他说，如果没有美国在二战中的努力，“你们所有人现在都说德语，或许还会点日语”，此言令台下一些人表现出不满。虽然他说不会使用武力获取格陵兰岛——这让一些人松了口气——但他继续将格陵兰岛框定为需要偿还的债务。 “You can say yes and we will be very appreciative or you can say no and we will remember,” Mr. Trump said. “你们可以说‘是’，我们会非常感激；或者说‘不’，我们也会记住，”特朗普说。 Mr. Trump took particular aim at Switzerland, the country hosting the summit, stunning some Swiss officials. “They’re only good because of us,” Mr. Trump said of the Swiss as he celebrated his sweeping tariffs. 特朗普特别针对主办峰会的瑞士发起抨击，这让一些瑞士官员震惊。“他们之所以好，全靠我们，”特朗普在庆祝自己全面关税时这样说瑞士人。 “I was really astonished,” said Elisabeth Schneider-Schneiter, a member of the Swiss Parliament. “We are the hosts, we are the guarantee for his security from the airport to Davos, with public tax money spent, and I was convinced that we had resolved the trade issue.” “我真的很震惊，”瑞士议会议员伊丽莎白·施奈德-施奈特说。“我们是东道主，我们用公共税款保障他从机场到达沃斯的安全，我本以为我们已经解决了贸易问题。” Whether the attendees liked his speech or not — and many seemed to loathe it — Mr. Trump’s appearance was the talk of the conference. 不管与会者是否喜欢他的演讲——很多人似乎不喜欢——特朗普的出现仍是会议的热门话题。 Outside the hall where Mr. Trump spoke, companies held watch parties to view his speech. Attendees tried to rearrange meetings in order not to miss it. On the promenade, people live streamed his remarks while walking, before others later recounted the bombshells in the speech. “Are we even important?” one asked. 在演讲的大厅外，多家企业组织了观看会。与会者试图重新安排会议，以免错过这场讲话。在步行街上，人们边走边看讲话的直播，后来又有一些人在复述演讲中的重磅内容。“我们还重要吗？”有人问道。 特朗普周三乘直升机抵达达沃斯。 Yet others spoke of a disaster averted, particularly after Mr. Trump said he was not interested in using force to acquire Greenland. Senator Chris Coons, Democrat of Delaware, said he later encountered some European officials who told him “it could’ve been worse.” 然而，也有人谈到一场灾难得以避免，特别是特朗普表示他无意使用武力获取格陵兰岛后。特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯表示，他后来遇到一些欧洲官员，他们告诉他，“本可能更糟糕。” “It’s remarkable when we’ve gotten to a place where we’re saying it could’ve been worse because an American president took off the table the use of force against a NATO ally,” Mr. Coons said. “当我们到了这样一个地步——因为一位美国总统取消了对北约盟友使用武力的选项——我们却说‘本可能更糟糕’，这真是不可思议，”库恩斯说。 Here and there, you could find warm support for the president. 时不时还能看到对总统的热烈支持。 After his speech, Mr. Trump spoke at a reception for business executives, financial chiefs and cryptocurrency leaders. 演讲后，特朗普在为商业高管、金融主管和加密货币领袖举办的招待会上讲话。 “We got great reviews,” Mr. Trump told the crowd. “I can’t believe it, but we got good reviews of that speech. Usually they say he’s a horrible dictator type person, but sometimes you need a dictator.” “我们获得了极好的评价，”特朗普对人群说。“我简直不敢相信，但那场演讲获得了好评。通常他们说我是个可怕的独裁者类型的人，但有时你需要一个独裁者。” Minutes later, as Mr. Trump finished speaking, he was met with loud applause. 几分钟后，特朗普结束讲话时，获得了响亮的掌声。 And once Mr. Trump revoked some of his biggest threats on Wednesday evening, the mood across the conference edged closer to relief. 特朗普在周三晚上撤销了一些最大威胁后，整个会议的气氛就趋向于宽慰。 After Mr. Trump’s decision to pull back on tariffs, some attendees texted their peers a single word: “Taco!” 在特朗普决定撤回关税后，一些与会者给同行发短信，只有一个词：“Taco！” The term is short for Trump Always Chickens Out, a tongue-in-cheek quip adopted by some critics to describe Mr. Trump’s tendency to threaten sweeping tariffs, only to pull them back. 这个词是“Trump Always Chickens Out”（特朗普总是临阵退缩）的缩写，一些批评者用这个俏皮说法描述特朗普倾向于威胁全面关税、最终却撤回的习惯。 “They’ve lived through so many cycles of this,” Mr. Gordon said. “You live to fight another day.” “他们已经经历过这么多轮这样的循环，”戈登说。“活下来，就能再战一天。” Zolan Kanno-Youngs是时报白宫记者，报道特朗普总统及其政府。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。
特朗普在达沃斯：美国与盟友上演戏剧性“决裂”
ZOLAN KANNO-YOUNGS2026年1月22日周三，在达沃斯聆听特朗普总统演讲的与会者。 Doug Mills/The New York Times As President Trump threatened to upend some of the central pillars of the Western order on Wednesday, during a speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, some in the crowd of elites sat speechless. Others groaned. A few gasped. 周三，在瑞士达沃斯世界经济论坛上，美国总统特朗普威胁要颠覆西方秩序的一些核心支柱时，会场上的精英们有些人坐在那里哑口无言。有些人发出叹息。还有人倒抽一口凉气。 Alexander Stubb, the Finnish president and a key power broker in Europe, stood up ashen-faced at the end of the speech that took aim at people like him: the leaders of the Western political and economic elite. As others made for the exits, Mr. Stubb approached Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina — seeking to learn more, Mr. Graham later said, about Mr. Trump and the United States’ position. 关键的欧洲权力中间人、芬兰总统亚历山大·斯图布在演讲结束后脸色苍白地站了起来。这场演讲针对的就是像他这样的人：西方政治领袖和经济精英们。当人们纷纷走向出口时，斯图布走向了南卡罗来纳州共和党参议员林赛·格雷厄姆，后者晚些时候表示，斯图布是想了解更多关于特朗普和美国立场的细节。 “Everybody in Europe is concerned,” Mr. Graham, an ally of Mr. Trump, said dismissively after speaking to Mr. Stubb. “They’re concerned when they get up and when they go to bed.” “欧洲每个人都很担心，”作为特朗普盟友的格雷厄姆在与斯图布交谈后轻蔑地说。“他们起床时担心，上床睡觉时也担心。” The reaction from Mr. Stubb, who declined to comment, embodied a broader sense of shock across the conference, a talking shop for political and economic leaders. For decades, like-minded politicians, businesspeople, investors and celebrities have gathered in Davos to discuss a shared economic and political future. But for more than an hour on Wednesday in one of the main speaking halls, Mr. Trump transformed the forum into the setting of a dramatic rupture between the West’s leading player and its increasingly distant allies. 斯图布拒绝置评，但他的反应体现了整个会议普遍的震惊感。这场会议是政治和经济领袖们的论坛。几十年来，志同道合的政治家、企业人士、投资者和名人齐聚达沃斯，讨论共同的经济和政治未来。但周三的，在一个主要演讲厅里，特朗普用一个多小时将这个论坛变成了西方主导力量与其日益疏远的盟友之间戏剧性决裂的舞台。 After mocking European leaders for days, Mr. Trump flew thousands of miles to this snowy mountainside to launch into a verbal assault against the Western alliance, the values of its leaders and societies, and the framework of world trade. 连续几天嘲讽欧洲领导人后，特朗普飞越数千公里来到这个白雪覆盖的山坡，对西方联盟、其领导人和社会的价值观以及世界贸易框架发起言语攻击。 By the end of the day Mr. Trump had rescinded some of his worst threats, saying that he had reached a tentative framework with NATO over the future of Greenland, which he wants to buy from Denmark, and withdrawn threats to impose new tariffs on allies that opposed U.S. ownership of Greenland. 当日结束时特朗普收回了一些最严重的威胁。他说，他已与北约就格陵兰岛的未来达成初步框架协议（他希望向丹麦购买该岛），并撤回了向反对美国拥有格陵兰岛的盟友征收新关税的威胁。 While some European leaders expressed a glimmer of hope over the moves, they did little to salve the deep fear among Davos’s browbeaten guests that the United States could no longer be relied on as an ally. Earlier in the day the group had weathered insult after insult from Mr. Trump about their approach to trade, the environment and immigration. 这些举动让一些欧洲领导人表现出些许希望，但并未缓解达沃斯那些备受打击的与会者内心深处的恐惧：美国不再是可靠的盟友。当天早些时候，这个群体已经连续遭受了特朗普在贸易、环境和移民问题上对他们的侮辱。 Scattered chuckling fell to an anxious silence before turning into audible gasps as Mr. Trump used his speech to once again demand ownership of Greenland, lash out against NATO and vaguely threaten economic warfare if the European leaders did not acquiesce to his demands. 随着特朗普在演讲中再次要求拥有格陵兰岛、抨击北约，并模糊地威胁如果欧洲领导人不同意他的要求将发动经济战，零星的轻笑转为焦虑的沉默，最终变成清晰可闻的惊恐。 European leaders sat stunned as Mr. Trump insulted their governments and questioned their reliability as allies. Others grimaced as Mr. Trump claimed the European nations and Canada owed the United States a debt. Some even scrambled after the speech to find and question current and former U.S. officials about the president’s thinking and the future of the United States as a trustworthy partner. 欧洲领导人们震惊地看着特朗普侮辱他们的政府，质疑他们作为盟友的可靠性。有些人则在特朗普声称欧洲国家和加拿大欠美国一笔债时脸部扭曲。有人甚至在演讲结束后匆忙寻找现任和前任美国官员，询问总统的想法以及美国作为可靠伙伴的未来。 Phil Gordon, a former national security adviser for Kamala Harris who attended the speech, said foreign officials approached him during the summit asking if Mr. Trump’s position was now “permanent.” 曾任贺锦丽国家安全顾问的菲尔·戈登出席了该活动，他表示外国官员在峰会中来问他，特朗普的立场是否已经“固化”。 “Is this America?” Mr. Gordon said European officials asked him on Wednesday. “And is the post-World War II era definitively over — or is there any hope it comes back?” “这是美国吗？”戈登说欧洲官员周三这样问他。“二战后的时代是否彻底结束了——还是说尚有希望回归？” 周三，特朗普与商业领袖们交谈。 But there was also a growing acceptance that a new world order is now emerging, right under their noses at a conference that for years was so emblematic of the old frameworks. 但与此同时，也出现了越来越明显的接受：一个新世界秩序正在与会者们眼皮底下浮现，而这个会议多年来一直是旧框架的象征。 “They accept that under Trump this is a new world,” said Mr. Gordon. “No one can deny that and even the Europeans who have been in denial now accept.” “他们接受在特朗普领导下已然是一个新世界，”戈登说。“没人能否认这一点，甚至那些一直否认的欧洲人现在也接受了。” In his speech, Mr. Trump crystallized an idea central to that new world — a searing disregard for the post-World War II world order. 在演讲中，特朗普阐明了这个新世界观的一个核心理念——对二战后世界秩序的彻底漠视。 Mr. Trump suggested the European allies owed him Greenland. He said that without the United States’ efforts in World War II, “you’d all be speaking German and a little Japanese perhaps,” prompting moans from the crowd. And while he said he would not use force to obtain Greenland — prompting some to breathe a sigh of relief — he did continued to frame Greenland as a debt that needed to be paid. 特朗普暗示格陵兰岛本就是欧洲盟友欠他的。他说，如果没有美国在二战中的努力，“你们所有人现在都说德语，或许还会点日语”，此言令台下一些人表现出不满。虽然他说不会使用武力获取格陵兰岛——这让一些人松了口气——但他继续将格陵兰岛框定为需要偿还的债务。 “You can say yes and we will be very appreciative or you can say no and we will remember,” Mr. Trump said. “你们可以说‘是’，我们会非常感激；或者说‘不’，我们也会记住，”特朗普说。 Mr. Trump took particular aim at Switzerland, the country hosting the summit, stunning some Swiss officials. “They’re only good because of us,” Mr. Trump said of the Swiss as he celebrated his sweeping tariffs. 特朗普特别针对主办峰会的瑞士发起抨击，这让一些瑞士官员震惊。“他们之所以好，全靠我们，”特朗普在庆祝自己全面关税时这样说瑞士人。 “I was really astonished,” said Elisabeth Schneider-Schneiter, a member of the Swiss Parliament. “We are the hosts, we are the guarantee for his security from the airport to Davos, with public tax money spent, and I was convinced that we had resolved the trade issue.” “我真的很震惊，”瑞士议会议员伊丽莎白·施奈德-施奈特说。“我们是东道主，我们用公共税款保障他从机场到达沃斯的安全，我本以为我们已经解决了贸易问题。” Whether the attendees liked his speech or not — and many seemed to loathe it — Mr. Trump’s appearance was the talk of the conference. 不管与会者是否喜欢他的演讲——很多人似乎不喜欢——特朗普的出现仍是会议的热门话题。 Outside the hall where Mr. Trump spoke, companies held watch parties to view his speech. Attendees tried to rearrange meetings in order not to miss it. On the promenade, people live streamed his remarks while walking, before others later recounted the bombshells in the speech. “Are we even important?” one asked. 在演讲的大厅外，多家企业组织了观看会。与会者试图重新安排会议，以免错过这场讲话。在步行街上，人们边走边看讲话的直播，后来又有一些人在复述演讲中的重磅内容。“我们还重要吗？”有人问道。 特朗普周三乘直升机抵达达沃斯。 Yet others spoke of a disaster averted, particularly after Mr. Trump said he was not interested in using force to acquire Greenland. Senator Chris Coons, Democrat of Delaware, said he later encountered some European officials who told him “it could’ve been worse.” 然而，也有人谈到一场灾难得以避免，特别是特朗普表示他无意使用武力获取格陵兰岛后。特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯表示，他后来遇到一些欧洲官员，他们告诉他，“本可能更糟糕。” “It’s remarkable when we’ve gotten to a place where we’re saying it could’ve been worse because an American president took off the table the use of force against a NATO ally,” Mr. Coons said. “当我们到了这样一个地步——因为一位美国总统取消了对北约盟友使用武力的选项——我们却说‘本可能更糟糕’，这真是不可思议，”库恩斯说。 Here and there, you could find warm support for the president. 时不时还能看到对总统的热烈支持。 After his speech, Mr. Trump spoke at a reception for business executives, financial chiefs and cryptocurrency leaders. 演讲后，特朗普在为商业高管、金融主管和加密货币领袖举办的招待会上讲话。 “We got great reviews,” Mr. Trump told the crowd. “I can’t believe it, but we got good reviews of that speech. Usually they say he’s a horrible dictator type person, but sometimes you need a dictator.” “我们获得了极好的评价，”特朗普对人群说。“我简直不敢相信，但那场演讲获得了好评。通常他们说我是个可怕的独裁者类型的人，但有时你需要一个独裁者。” Minutes later, as Mr. Trump finished speaking, he was met with loud applause. 几分钟后，特朗普结束讲话时，获得了响亮的掌声。 And once Mr. Trump revoked some of his biggest threats on Wednesday evening, the mood across the conference edged closer to relief. 特朗普在周三晚上撤销了一些最大威胁后，整个会议的气氛就趋向于宽慰。 After Mr. Trump’s decision to pull back on tariffs, some attendees texted their peers a single word: “Taco!” 在特朗普决定撤回关税后，一些与会者给同行发短信，只有一个词：“Taco！” The term is short for Trump Always Chickens Out, a tongue-in-cheek quip adopted by some critics to describe Mr. Trump’s tendency to threaten sweeping tariffs, only to pull them back. 这个词是“Trump Always Chickens Out”（特朗普总是临阵退缩）的缩写，一些批评者用这个俏皮说法描述特朗普倾向于威胁全面关税、最终却撤回的习惯。 “They’ve lived through so many cycles of this,” Mr. Gordon said. “You live to fight another day.” “他们已经经历过这么多轮这样的循环，”戈登说。“活下来，就能再战一天。” Zolan Kanno-Youngs是时报白宫记者，报道特朗普总统及其政府。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。
特朗普批准英伟达向中国出售H200芯片
TRIPP MICKLE, ANA SWANSON2025年12月9日特朗普政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达的H200芯片，同时限制该公司最新芯片Blackwell的销售。 Eric Lee for The New York Times President Trump said Monday that his administration had granted Nvidia permission to begin selling its second-most-powerful chip to China, a big step up from what the artificial intelligence chip maker had been allowed to offer to Beijing. 周一，特朗普总统表示，他的政府已批准英伟达向中国出售该公司第二先进的芯片，令这家芯片巨头获准对华出口的产品实现了大幅性能提升。 The administration had spent months wrestling with whether it was comfortable relaxing its policy on sales of a critical A.I. technology that has the potential to help China militarily and economically. 美国政府数月来一直在权衡是否要放宽对这项关键人工智能技术的对华销售政策，该技术有可能在军事和经济层面为中国提供助力。 In a social media post, Mr. Trump said the Commerce Department was finishing the details and would make similar opportunities available to other chip makers like Advanced Micro Devices and Intel. The president said a portion of the chip revenue would go to the U.S. government, a proposition that experts say could violate U.S. law. 特朗普在社交媒体上发文称，商务部正在敲定相关细节，并将为AMD、英特尔等其他芯片制造商提供类似出口机会。他还表示，芯片销售收入的一部分将归美国政府所有，专家指出，这一提议可能违反美国法律。 The decision is a major win for Jensen Huang. Nvidia’s chief executive, who spent months lobbying the White House to ease its export restrictions. 这一决定对英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋而言是重大胜利。他数月来一直游说白宫放宽出口限制。 The move is also a departure for Mr. Trump, whose administration initially promised to restrict sales of A.I. chips to China. The early position had support across much of Washington, and a looser policy that has become clear in recent months has drawn bipartisan complaints from Congress. 此举也与特朗普政府最初的立场相悖。其政府曾承诺限制人工智能芯片对华出口，这一早期立场在华盛顿获得广泛支持。近几个月来逐渐显现的宽松政策已引发国会两党的不满。 Last week, six senators, including Pete Ricketts, a Republican from Nebraska, and Chris Coons, a Democrat from Delaware, introduced a bill that would limit the sale of A.I. chips to China. 上周，包括内布拉斯加州共和党参议员皮特·里基茨、特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯在内，六名参议员提出了一项限制人工智能芯片对华销售的法案。 The administration’s shift followed a campaign by Mr. Huang and David Sacks, its A.I. and crypto czar, who have pushed back on national security concerns regarding A.I. chips. They have argued that increasing Nvidia’s sales to China would make Chinese companies dependent on its technology and give it more money to develop future generations of chips. 这一政策转变源于黄仁勋与特朗普政府人工智能及加密货币事务负责人戴维·萨克斯的游说。两人反驳了关于人工智能芯片的国家安全担忧，主张扩大英伟达对华销售将使中国企业依赖其技术，同时为英伟达带来更多资金用于研发下一代芯片。 Mr. Huang met with Mr. Trump at the White House last week, and Mr. Trump praised the executive afterward, saying, “He’s done an amazing job.” 黄仁勋上周在白宫与特朗普会面，特朗普随后称赞这位高管“做得非常出色”。 John Rizzo, an Nvidia spokesman, said offering H200 chips to approved commercial customers that had been vetted by the Commerce Department would strike “a thoughtful balance that is great for America.” 英伟达发言人约翰·里佐表示，向经商务部审核通过的商业客户提供H200芯片，将实现“对美国极具价值的审慎平衡”。 “We applaud President Trump’s decision to allow America’s chip industry to compete to support high-paying jobs and manufacturing in America,” he added. “我们赞赏特朗普总统的决定，这让美国芯片产业得以参与竞争，支持美国的高薪就业岗位和制造业发展，”他还说。 英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋游说特朗普政府放宽对华芯片销售限制。 The approval of the chip sales was reported earlier by Semafor. 芯片销售获批的消息此前由Semafor率先披露。 Now the question is: Will China buy Nvidia’s latest offering? The administration wants to encourage Chinese companies to use Nvidia’s H200 chip, which it released last year, while limiting sales of the company’s latest generation of chips, known as Blackwell. 如今的问题是：中国会购买吗？美国政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达去年推出的H200芯片，同时限制其最新一代Blackwell芯片的销售。 In July, the Trump administration dropped its restrictions on sales of a chip called the H20, which Nvidia developed specifically for China. But Beijing discouraged companies from buying the chip, with administrators warning that it could have “backdoor security risks.” 今年7月，特朗普政府取消了对H20芯片的对华销售限制，该芯片是英伟达专为中国市场研发的产品。但中国政府不鼓励企业购买这款芯片，有关部门警告称其可能存在“后门安全风险”。 Nvidia could run into similar challenges when it begins selling the more powerful H200. After the first Trump administration and the Biden administration began limiting U.S. technology sales to China, Beijing increased its spending to become technologically self-reliant. Huawei, the country’s tech giant, has been improving its own A.I. chips. 当英伟达开始销售性能更强的H200芯片时，可能会面临类似挑战。在第一届特朗普政府和拜登政府相继限制美国技术对华出口后，中国加大投入以实现技术自主。中国科技巨头华为一直在改进其自主研发的人工智能芯片。 This summer, Mr. Trump proposed the idea of the government’s taking a cut of A.I. chip sales to China. On Monday, he reiterated that, writing that “$25% will be paid to the United States of America” — a 10-percentage-point increase from what the company previously agreed to pay the U.S. government. 今年夏天，特朗普提出政府要从人工智能芯片对华销售收入中分成的想法。周一，他重申了这一主张，称“25%的收入交给美利坚合众国”——这比该公司此前同意向美国政府缴纳的比例提高了10个百分点。 Government lawyers have been researching how to enact such a policy, given that U.S. law prohibits the charging of fees for export licenses. Mr. Huang said in a news conference in Washington in October that government officials were working on a new policy to collect the fees. 鉴于美国法律禁止对出口许可证收取费用，政府律师一直在研究如何实施这一政策。黄仁勋10月在华盛顿的一场新闻发布会上表示，政府官员正在制定一项新政策以收取这笔费用。 Neither U.S. nor Chinese officials have publicly acknowledged that the H200 chips were under discussion. But U.S. rules around the sale of technology to China have been a central issue in the countries’ relationship. 美中两国官员均未公开承认正在讨论H200芯片的对华销售事宜，但美国对华技术销售相关规定一直是两国关系中的核心议题。 After Mr. Trump imposed double-digit tariffs on Chinese exports in April, Beijing restricted exports of rare-earth minerals essential to a variety of industries. The countries tentatively agreed to walk back those restrictions this spring, but the truce fell apart after the United States announced new restrictions on Chinese technology companies. Chinese officials argued that those measures violated the spirit of their agreement. 今年4月，特朗普对中国出口商品加征两位数关税后，中国限制了对多个行业至关重要的稀土矿物出口。两国于今年春季暂时同意撤销这些限制，但在美国宣布对中国科技企业实施新限制后，这一休战协议破裂。中国官员称，这些措施违背了双方协议的精神。 At a meeting in South Korea in October, Mr. Trump and Xi Jinping, the leader of China, restored that truce, with the United States promising to keep tariffs low and Beijing to provide steady exports of rare earths and resume its purchases of American soybeans. The agreement was also widely believed to include a de facto U.S. freeze on any new technology restrictions. 10月在韩国举行的会面中，特朗普与中国国家领导人习近平恢复了休战状态。美国承诺维持低关税，中国则保证稳定出口稀土并恢复购买美国大豆。外界普遍认为，该协议还包括美国事实上冻结新的技术限制措施。 Since then, the countries have been working to keep the peace, and in a call with Mr. Xi in late November, Mr. Trump accepted an invitation to visit China in April. On Friday, Scott Bessent, the treasury secretary, and Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, spoke with China’s vice premier about the steps the sides were taking to maintain the agreement. 自那以后，两国一直致力于维护和平。11月底，特朗普在与习近平的通话中接受了4月访华的邀请。上周五，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特、美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔与中国副总理通话，讨论了双方为维护协议所采取的步骤。 But others in Washington have been critical of the administration’s warmer stance toward China. In a letter last week, Senator Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, expressed concern over the potential sale of the H200 chip. 但华盛顿的其他人士对政府温和的对华立场提出了批评。马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦上周在一封信中，就H200芯片可能对华出售表达了担忧。 “I urge you to stop ignoring the input of bipartisan members of Congress and your own experts in order to cut deals that trade away America’s national security,” she wrote. “我敦促你停止忽视国会两党议员和你自己的专家的意见，不要再为了达成交易而牺牲美国的国家安全，”她写道。 Tripp Mickle报道英伟达、谷歌和苹果等全球最大的科技公司。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势，包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。 Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。
特朗普批准英伟达向中国出售H200芯片
TRIPP MICKLE, ANA SWANSON2025年12月9日特朗普政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达的H200芯片，同时限制该公司最新芯片Blackwell的销售。 Eric Lee for The New York Times President Trump said Monday that his administration had granted Nvidia permission to begin selling its second-most-powerful chip to China, a big step up from what the artificial intelligence chip maker had been allowed to offer to Beijing. 周一，特朗普总统表示，他的政府已批准英伟达向中国出售该公司第二先进的芯片，令这家芯片巨头获准对华出口的产品实现了大幅性能提升。 The administration had spent months wrestling with whether it was comfortable relaxing its policy on sales of a critical A.I. technology that has the potential to help China militarily and economically. 美国政府数月来一直在权衡是否要放宽对这项关键人工智能技术的对华销售政策，该技术有可能在军事和经济层面为中国提供助力。 In a social media post, Mr. Trump said the Commerce Department was finishing the details and would make similar opportunities available to other chip makers like Advanced Micro Devices and Intel. The president said a portion of the chip revenue would go to the U.S. government, a proposition that experts say could violate U.S. law. 特朗普在社交媒体上发文称，商务部正在敲定相关细节，并将为AMD、英特尔等其他芯片制造商提供类似出口机会。他还表示，芯片销售收入的一部分将归美国政府所有，专家指出，这一提议可能违反美国法律。 The decision is a major win for Jensen Huang. Nvidia’s chief executive, who spent months lobbying the White House to ease its export restrictions. 这一决定对英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋而言是重大胜利。他数月来一直游说白宫放宽出口限制。 The move is also a departure for Mr. Trump, whose administration initially promised to restrict sales of A.I. chips to China. The early position had support across much of Washington, and a looser policy that has become clear in recent months has drawn bipartisan complaints from Congress. 此举也与特朗普政府最初的立场相悖。其政府曾承诺限制人工智能芯片对华出口，这一早期立场在华盛顿获得广泛支持。近几个月来逐渐显现的宽松政策已引发国会两党的不满。 Last week, six senators, including Pete Ricketts, a Republican from Nebraska, and Chris Coons, a Democrat from Delaware, introduced a bill that would limit the sale of A.I. chips to China. 上周，包括内布拉斯加州共和党参议员皮特·里基茨、特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯在内，六名参议员提出了一项限制人工智能芯片对华销售的法案。 The administration’s shift followed a campaign by Mr. Huang and David Sacks, its A.I. and crypto czar, who have pushed back on national security concerns regarding A.I. chips. They have argued that increasing Nvidia’s sales to China would make Chinese companies dependent on its technology and give it more money to develop future generations of chips. 这一政策转变源于黄仁勋与特朗普政府人工智能及加密货币事务负责人戴维·萨克斯的游说。两人反驳了关于人工智能芯片的国家安全担忧，主张扩大英伟达对华销售将使中国企业依赖其技术，同时为英伟达带来更多资金用于研发下一代芯片。 Mr. Huang met with Mr. Trump at the White House last week, and Mr. Trump praised the executive afterward, saying, “He’s done an amazing job.” 黄仁勋上周在白宫与特朗普会面，特朗普随后称赞这位高管“做得非常出色”。 John Rizzo, an Nvidia spokesman, said offering H200 chips to approved commercial customers that had been vetted by the Commerce Department would strike “a thoughtful balance that is great for America.” 英伟达发言人约翰·里佐表示，向经商务部审核通过的商业客户提供H200芯片，将实现“对美国极具价值的审慎平衡”。 “We applaud President Trump’s decision to allow America’s chip industry to compete to support high-paying jobs and manufacturing in America,” he added. “我们赞赏特朗普总统的决定，这让美国芯片产业得以参与竞争，支持美国的高薪就业岗位和制造业发展，”他还说。 英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋游说特朗普政府放宽对华芯片销售限制。 The approval of the chip sales was reported earlier by Semafor. 芯片销售获批的消息此前由Semafor率先披露。 Now the question is: Will China buy Nvidia’s latest offering? The administration wants to encourage Chinese companies to use Nvidia’s H200 chip, which it released last year, while limiting sales of the company’s latest generation of chips, known as Blackwell. 如今的问题是：中国会购买吗？美国政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达去年推出的H200芯片，同时限制其最新一代Blackwell芯片的销售。 In July, the Trump administration dropped its restrictions on sales of a chip called the H20, which Nvidia developed specifically for China. But Beijing discouraged companies from buying the chip, with administrators warning that it could have “backdoor security risks.” 今年7月，特朗普政府取消了对H20芯片的对华销售限制，该芯片是英伟达专为中国市场研发的产品。但中国政府不鼓励企业购买这款芯片，有关部门警告称其可能存在“后门安全风险”。 Nvidia could run into similar challenges when it begins selling the more powerful H200. After the first Trump administration and the Biden administration began limiting U.S. technology sales to China, Beijing increased its spending to become technologically self-reliant. Huawei, the country’s tech giant, has been improving its own A.I. chips. 当英伟达开始销售性能更强的H200芯片时，可能会面临类似挑战。在第一届特朗普政府和拜登政府相继限制美国技术对华出口后，中国加大投入以实现技术自主。中国科技巨头华为一直在改进其自主研发的人工智能芯片。 This summer, Mr. Trump proposed the idea of the government’s taking a cut of A.I. chip sales to China. On Monday, he reiterated that, writing that “$25% will be paid to the United States of America” — a 10-percentage-point increase from what the company previously agreed to pay the U.S. government. 今年夏天，特朗普提出政府要从人工智能芯片对华销售收入中分成的想法。周一，他重申了这一主张，称“25%的收入交给美利坚合众国”——这比该公司此前同意向美国政府缴纳的比例提高了10个百分点。 Government lawyers have been researching how to enact such a policy, given that U.S. law prohibits the charging of fees for export licenses. Mr. Huang said in a news conference in Washington in October that government officials were working on a new policy to collect the fees. 鉴于美国法律禁止对出口许可证收取费用，政府律师一直在研究如何实施这一政策。黄仁勋10月在华盛顿的一场新闻发布会上表示，政府官员正在制定一项新政策以收取这笔费用。 Neither U.S. nor Chinese officials have publicly acknowledged that the H200 chips were under discussion. But U.S. rules around the sale of technology to China have been a central issue in the countries’ relationship. 美中两国官员均未公开承认正在讨论H200芯片的对华销售事宜，但美国对华技术销售相关规定一直是两国关系中的核心议题。 After Mr. Trump imposed double-digit tariffs on Chinese exports in April, Beijing restricted exports of rare-earth minerals essential to a variety of industries. The countries tentatively agreed to walk back those restrictions this spring, but the truce fell apart after the United States announced new restrictions on Chinese technology companies. Chinese officials argued that those measures violated the spirit of their agreement. 今年4月，特朗普对中国出口商品加征两位数关税后，中国限制了对多个行业至关重要的稀土矿物出口。两国于今年春季暂时同意撤销这些限制，但在美国宣布对中国科技企业实施新限制后，这一休战协议破裂。中国官员称，这些措施违背了双方协议的精神。 At a meeting in South Korea in October, Mr. Trump and Xi Jinping, the leader of China, restored that truce, with the United States promising to keep tariffs low and Beijing to provide steady exports of rare earths and resume its purchases of American soybeans. The agreement was also widely believed to include a de facto U.S. freeze on any new technology restrictions. 10月在韩国举行的会面中，特朗普与中国国家领导人习近平恢复了休战状态。美国承诺维持低关税，中国则保证稳定出口稀土并恢复购买美国大豆。外界普遍认为，该协议还包括美国事实上冻结新的技术限制措施。 Since then, the countries have been working to keep the peace, and in a call with Mr. Xi in late November, Mr. Trump accepted an invitation to visit China in April. On Friday, Scott Bessent, the treasury secretary, and Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, spoke with China’s vice premier about the steps the sides were taking to maintain the agreement. 自那以后，两国一直致力于维护和平。11月底，特朗普在与习近平的通话中接受了4月访华的邀请。上周五，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特、美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔与中国副总理通话，讨论了双方为维护协议所采取的步骤。 But others in Washington have been critical of the administration’s warmer stance toward China. In a letter last week, Senator Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, expressed concern over the potential sale of the H200 chip. 但华盛顿的其他人士对政府温和的对华立场提出了批评。马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦上周在一封信中，就H200芯片可能对华出售表达了担忧。 “I urge you to stop ignoring the input of bipartisan members of Congress and your own experts in order to cut deals that trade away America’s national security,” she wrote. “我敦促你停止忽视国会两党议员和你自己的专家的意见，不要再为了达成交易而牺牲美国的国家安全，”她写道。 Tripp Mickle报道英伟达、谷歌和苹果等全球最大的科技公司。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势，包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。 Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。
特朗普批准英伟达向中国出售H200芯片
TRIPP MICKLE, ANA SWANSON2025年12月9日特朗普政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达的H200芯片，同时限制该公司最新芯片Blackwell的销售。 Eric Lee for The New York Times President Trump said Monday that his administration had granted Nvidia permission to begin selling its second-most-powerful chip to China, a big step up from what the artificial intelligence chip maker had been allowed to offer to Beijing. 周一，特朗普总统表示，他的政府已批准英伟达向中国出售该公司第二先进的芯片，令这家芯片巨头获准对华出口的产品实现了大幅性能提升。 The administration had spent months wrestling with whether it was comfortable relaxing its policy on sales of a critical A.I. technology that has the potential to help China militarily and economically. 美国政府数月来一直在权衡是否要放宽对这项关键人工智能技术的对华销售政策，该技术有可能在军事和经济层面为中国提供助力。 In a social media post, Mr. Trump said the Commerce Department was finishing the details and would make similar opportunities available to other chip makers like Advanced Micro Devices and Intel. The president said a portion of the chip revenue would go to the U.S. government, a proposition that experts say could violate U.S. law. 特朗普在社交媒体上发文称，商务部正在敲定相关细节，并将为AMD、英特尔等其他芯片制造商提供类似出口机会。他还表示，芯片销售收入的一部分将归美国政府所有，专家指出，这一提议可能违反美国法律。 The decision is a major win for Jensen Huang. Nvidia’s chief executive, who spent months lobbying the White House to ease its export restrictions. 这一决定对英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋而言是重大胜利。他数月来一直游说白宫放宽出口限制。 The move is also a departure for Mr. Trump, whose administration initially promised to restrict sales of A.I. chips to China. The early position had support across much of Washington, and a looser policy that has become clear in recent months has drawn bipartisan complaints from Congress. 此举也与特朗普政府最初的立场相悖。其政府曾承诺限制人工智能芯片对华出口，这一早期立场在华盛顿获得广泛支持。近几个月来逐渐显现的宽松政策已引发国会两党的不满。 Last week, six senators, including Pete Ricketts, a Republican from Nebraska, and Chris Coons, a Democrat from Delaware, introduced a bill that would limit the sale of A.I. chips to China. 上周，包括内布拉斯加州共和党参议员皮特·里基茨、特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯在内，六名参议员提出了一项限制人工智能芯片对华销售的法案。 The administration’s shift followed a campaign by Mr. Huang and David Sacks, its A.I. and crypto czar, who have pushed back on national security concerns regarding A.I. chips. They have argued that increasing Nvidia’s sales to China would make Chinese companies dependent on its technology and give it more money to develop future generations of chips. 这一政策转变源于黄仁勋与特朗普政府人工智能及加密货币事务负责人戴维·萨克斯的游说。两人反驳了关于人工智能芯片的国家安全担忧，主张扩大英伟达对华销售将使中国企业依赖其技术，同时为英伟达带来更多资金用于研发下一代芯片。 Mr. Huang met with Mr. Trump at the White House last week, and Mr. Trump praised the executive afterward, saying, “He’s done an amazing job.” 黄仁勋上周在白宫与特朗普会面，特朗普随后称赞这位高管“做得非常出色”。 John Rizzo, an Nvidia spokesman, said offering H200 chips to approved commercial customers that had been vetted by the Commerce Department would strike “a thoughtful balance that is great for America.” 英伟达发言人约翰·里佐表示，向经商务部审核通过的商业客户提供H200芯片，将实现“对美国极具价值的审慎平衡”。 “We applaud President Trump’s decision to allow America’s chip industry to compete to support high-paying jobs and manufacturing in America,” he added. “我们赞赏特朗普总统的决定，这让美国芯片产业得以参与竞争，支持美国的高薪就业岗位和制造业发展，”他还说。 英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋游说特朗普政府放宽对华芯片销售限制。 The approval of the chip sales was reported earlier by Semafor. 芯片销售获批的消息此前由Semafor率先披露。 Now the question is: Will China buy Nvidia’s latest offering? The administration wants to encourage Chinese companies to use Nvidia’s H200 chip, which it released last year, while limiting sales of the company’s latest generation of chips, known as Blackwell. 如今的问题是：中国会购买吗？美国政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达去年推出的H200芯片，同时限制其最新一代Blackwell芯片的销售。 In July, the Trump administration dropped its restrictions on sales of a chip called the H20, which Nvidia developed specifically for China. But Beijing discouraged companies from buying the chip, with administrators warning that it could have “backdoor security risks.” 今年7月，特朗普政府取消了对H20芯片的对华销售限制，该芯片是英伟达专为中国市场研发的产品。但中国政府不鼓励企业购买这款芯片，有关部门警告称其可能存在“后门安全风险”。 Nvidia could run into similar challenges when it begins selling the more powerful H200. After the first Trump administration and the Biden administration began limiting U.S. technology sales to China, Beijing increased its spending to become technologically self-reliant. Huawei, the country’s tech giant, has been improving its own A.I. chips. 当英伟达开始销售性能更强的H200芯片时，可能会面临类似挑战。在第一届特朗普政府和拜登政府相继限制美国技术对华出口后，中国加大投入以实现技术自主。中国科技巨头华为一直在改进其自主研发的人工智能芯片。 This summer, Mr. Trump proposed the idea of the government’s taking a cut of A.I. chip sales to China. On Monday, he reiterated that, writing that “$25% will be paid to the United States of America” — a 10-percentage-point increase from what the company previously agreed to pay the U.S. government. 今年夏天，特朗普提出政府要从人工智能芯片对华销售收入中分成的想法。周一，他重申了这一主张，称“25%的收入交给美利坚合众国”——这比该公司此前同意向美国政府缴纳的比例提高了10个百分点。 Government lawyers have been researching how to enact such a policy, given that U.S. law prohibits the charging of fees for export licenses. Mr. Huang said in a news conference in Washington in October that government officials were working on a new policy to collect the fees. 鉴于美国法律禁止对出口许可证收取费用，政府律师一直在研究如何实施这一政策。黄仁勋10月在华盛顿的一场新闻发布会上表示，政府官员正在制定一项新政策以收取这笔费用。 Neither U.S. nor Chinese officials have publicly acknowledged that the H200 chips were under discussion. But U.S. rules around the sale of technology to China have been a central issue in the countries’ relationship. 美中两国官员均未公开承认正在讨论H200芯片的对华销售事宜，但美国对华技术销售相关规定一直是两国关系中的核心议题。 After Mr. Trump imposed double-digit tariffs on Chinese exports in April, Beijing restricted exports of rare-earth minerals essential to a variety of industries. The countries tentatively agreed to walk back those restrictions this spring, but the truce fell apart after the United States announced new restrictions on Chinese technology companies. Chinese officials argued that those measures violated the spirit of their agreement. 今年4月，特朗普对中国出口商品加征两位数关税后，中国限制了对多个行业至关重要的稀土矿物出口。两国于今年春季暂时同意撤销这些限制，但在美国宣布对中国科技企业实施新限制后，这一休战协议破裂。中国官员称，这些措施违背了双方协议的精神。 At a meeting in South Korea in October, Mr. Trump and Xi Jinping, the leader of China, restored that truce, with the United States promising to keep tariffs low and Beijing to provide steady exports of rare earths and resume its purchases of American soybeans. The agreement was also widely believed to include a de facto U.S. freeze on any new technology restrictions. 10月在韩国举行的会面中，特朗普与中国国家领导人习近平恢复了休战状态。美国承诺维持低关税，中国则保证稳定出口稀土并恢复购买美国大豆。外界普遍认为，该协议还包括美国事实上冻结新的技术限制措施。 Since then, the countries have been working to keep the peace, and in a call with Mr. Xi in late November, Mr. Trump accepted an invitation to visit China in April. On Friday, Scott Bessent, the treasury secretary, and Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, spoke with China’s vice premier about the steps the sides were taking to maintain the agreement. 自那以后，两国一直致力于维护和平。11月底，特朗普在与习近平的通话中接受了4月访华的邀请。上周五，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特、美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔与中国副总理通话，讨论了双方为维护协议所采取的步骤。 But others in Washington have been critical of the administration’s warmer stance toward China. In a letter last week, Senator Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, expressed concern over the potential sale of the H200 chip. 但华盛顿的其他人士对政府温和的对华立场提出了批评。马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦上周在一封信中，就H200芯片可能对华出售表达了担忧。 “I urge you to stop ignoring the input of bipartisan members of Congress and your own experts in order to cut deals that trade away America’s national security,” she wrote. “我敦促你停止忽视国会两党议员和你自己的专家的意见，不要再为了达成交易而牺牲美国的国家安全，”她写道。 Tripp Mickle报道英伟达、谷歌和苹果等全球最大的科技公司。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势，包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。 Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。
特朗普批准英伟达向中国出售H200芯片
TRIPP MICKLE, ANA SWANSON2025年12月9日特朗普政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达的H200芯片，同时限制该公司最新芯片Blackwell的销售。 Eric Lee for The New York Times President Trump said Monday that his administration had granted Nvidia permission to begin selling its second-most-powerful chip to China, a big step up from what the artificial intelligence chip maker had been allowed to offer to Beijing. 周一，特朗普总统表示，他的政府已批准英伟达向中国出售该公司第二先进的芯片，令这家芯片巨头获准对华出口的产品实现了大幅性能提升。 The administration had spent months wrestling with whether it was comfortable relaxing its policy on sales of a critical A.I. technology that has the potential to help China militarily and economically. 美国政府数月来一直在权衡是否要放宽对这项关键人工智能技术的对华销售政策，该技术有可能在军事和经济层面为中国提供助力。 In a social media post, Mr. Trump said the Commerce Department was finishing the details and would make similar opportunities available to other chip makers like Advanced Micro Devices and Intel. The president said a portion of the chip revenue would go to the U.S. government, a proposition that experts say could violate U.S. law. 特朗普在社交媒体上发文称，商务部正在敲定相关细节，并将为AMD、英特尔等其他芯片制造商提供类似出口机会。他还表示，芯片销售收入的一部分将归美国政府所有，专家指出，这一提议可能违反美国法律。 The decision is a major win for Jensen Huang. Nvidia’s chief executive, who spent months lobbying the White House to ease its export restrictions. 这一决定对英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋而言是重大胜利。他数月来一直游说白宫放宽出口限制。 The move is also a departure for Mr. Trump, whose administration initially promised to restrict sales of A.I. chips to China. The early position had support across much of Washington, and a looser policy that has become clear in recent months has drawn bipartisan complaints from Congress. 此举也与特朗普政府最初的立场相悖。其政府曾承诺限制人工智能芯片对华出口，这一早期立场在华盛顿获得广泛支持。近几个月来逐渐显现的宽松政策已引发国会两党的不满。 Last week, six senators, including Pete Ricketts, a Republican from Nebraska, and Chris Coons, a Democrat from Delaware, introduced a bill that would limit the sale of A.I. chips to China. 上周，包括内布拉斯加州共和党参议员皮特·里基茨、特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯在内，六名参议员提出了一项限制人工智能芯片对华销售的法案。 The administration’s shift followed a campaign by Mr. Huang and David Sacks, its A.I. and crypto czar, who have pushed back on national security concerns regarding A.I. chips. They have argued that increasing Nvidia’s sales to China would make Chinese companies dependent on its technology and give it more money to develop future generations of chips. 这一政策转变源于黄仁勋与特朗普政府人工智能及加密货币事务负责人戴维·萨克斯的游说。两人反驳了关于人工智能芯片的国家安全担忧，主张扩大英伟达对华销售将使中国企业依赖其技术，同时为英伟达带来更多资金用于研发下一代芯片。 Mr. Huang met with Mr. Trump at the White House last week, and Mr. Trump praised the executive afterward, saying, “He’s done an amazing job.” 黄仁勋上周在白宫与特朗普会面，特朗普随后称赞这位高管“做得非常出色”。 John Rizzo, an Nvidia spokesman, said offering H200 chips to approved commercial customers that had been vetted by the Commerce Department would strike “a thoughtful balance that is great for America.” 英伟达发言人约翰·里佐表示，向经商务部审核通过的商业客户提供H200芯片，将实现“对美国极具价值的审慎平衡”。 “We applaud President Trump’s decision to allow America’s chip industry to compete to support high-paying jobs and manufacturing in America,” he added. “我们赞赏特朗普总统的决定，这让美国芯片产业得以参与竞争，支持美国的高薪就业岗位和制造业发展，”他还说。 英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋游说特朗普政府放宽对华芯片销售限制。 The approval of the chip sales was reported earlier by Semafor. 芯片销售获批的消息此前由Semafor率先披露。 Now the question is: Will China buy Nvidia’s latest offering? The administration wants to encourage Chinese companies to use Nvidia’s H200 chip, which it released last year, while limiting sales of the company’s latest generation of chips, known as Blackwell. 如今的问题是：中国会购买吗？美国政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达去年推出的H200芯片，同时限制其最新一代Blackwell芯片的销售。 In July, the Trump administration dropped its restrictions on sales of a chip called the H20, which Nvidia developed specifically for China. But Beijing discouraged companies from buying the chip, with administrators warning that it could have “backdoor security risks.” 今年7月，特朗普政府取消了对H20芯片的对华销售限制，该芯片是英伟达专为中国市场研发的产品。但中国政府不鼓励企业购买这款芯片，有关部门警告称其可能存在“后门安全风险”。 Nvidia could run into similar challenges when it begins selling the more powerful H200. After the first Trump administration and the Biden administration began limiting U.S. technology sales to China, Beijing increased its spending to become technologically self-reliant. Huawei, the country’s tech giant, has been improving its own A.I. chips. 当英伟达开始销售性能更强的H200芯片时，可能会面临类似挑战。在第一届特朗普政府和拜登政府相继限制美国技术对华出口后，中国加大投入以实现技术自主。中国科技巨头华为一直在改进其自主研发的人工智能芯片。 This summer, Mr. Trump proposed the idea of the government’s taking a cut of A.I. chip sales to China. On Monday, he reiterated that, writing that “$25% will be paid to the United States of America” — a 10-percentage-point increase from what the company previously agreed to pay the U.S. government. 今年夏天，特朗普提出政府要从人工智能芯片对华销售收入中分成的想法。周一，他重申了这一主张，称“25%的收入交给美利坚合众国”——这比该公司此前同意向美国政府缴纳的比例提高了10个百分点。 Government lawyers have been researching how to enact such a policy, given that U.S. law prohibits the charging of fees for export licenses. Mr. Huang said in a news conference in Washington in October that government officials were working on a new policy to collect the fees. 鉴于美国法律禁止对出口许可证收取费用，政府律师一直在研究如何实施这一政策。黄仁勋10月在华盛顿的一场新闻发布会上表示，政府官员正在制定一项新政策以收取这笔费用。 Neither U.S. nor Chinese officials have publicly acknowledged that the H200 chips were under discussion. But U.S. rules around the sale of technology to China have been a central issue in the countries’ relationship. 美中两国官员均未公开承认正在讨论H200芯片的对华销售事宜，但美国对华技术销售相关规定一直是两国关系中的核心议题。 After Mr. Trump imposed double-digit tariffs on Chinese exports in April, Beijing restricted exports of rare-earth minerals essential to a variety of industries. The countries tentatively agreed to walk back those restrictions this spring, but the truce fell apart after the United States announced new restrictions on Chinese technology companies. Chinese officials argued that those measures violated the spirit of their agreement. 今年4月，特朗普对中国出口商品加征两位数关税后，中国限制了对多个行业至关重要的稀土矿物出口。两国于今年春季暂时同意撤销这些限制，但在美国宣布对中国科技企业实施新限制后，这一休战协议破裂。中国官员称，这些措施违背了双方协议的精神。 At a meeting in South Korea in October, Mr. Trump and Xi Jinping, the leader of China, restored that truce, with the United States promising to keep tariffs low and Beijing to provide steady exports of rare earths and resume its purchases of American soybeans. The agreement was also widely believed to include a de facto U.S. freeze on any new technology restrictions. 10月在韩国举行的会面中，特朗普与中国国家领导人习近平恢复了休战状态。美国承诺维持低关税，中国则保证稳定出口稀土并恢复购买美国大豆。外界普遍认为，该协议还包括美国事实上冻结新的技术限制措施。 Since then, the countries have been working to keep the peace, and in a call with Mr. Xi in late November, Mr. Trump accepted an invitation to visit China in April. On Friday, Scott Bessent, the treasury secretary, and Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, spoke with China’s vice premier about the steps the sides were taking to maintain the agreement. 自那以后，两国一直致力于维护和平。11月底，特朗普在与习近平的通话中接受了4月访华的邀请。上周五，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特、美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔与中国副总理通话，讨论了双方为维护协议所采取的步骤。 But others in Washington have been critical of the administration’s warmer stance toward China. In a letter last week, Senator Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, expressed concern over the potential sale of the H200 chip. 但华盛顿的其他人士对政府温和的对华立场提出了批评。马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦上周在一封信中，就H200芯片可能对华出售表达了担忧。 “I urge you to stop ignoring the input of bipartisan members of Congress and your own experts in order to cut deals that trade away America’s national security,” she wrote. “我敦促你停止忽视国会两党议员和你自己的专家的意见，不要再为了达成交易而牺牲美国的国家安全，”她写道。 Tripp Mickle报道英伟达、谷歌和苹果等全球最大的科技公司。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势，包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。 Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。
特朗普批准英伟达向中国出售H200芯片
TRIPP MICKLE, ANA SWANSON2025年12月9日特朗普政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达的H200芯片，同时限制该公司最新芯片Blackwell的销售。 Eric Lee for The New York Times President Trump said Monday that his administration had granted Nvidia permission to begin selling its second-most-powerful chip to China, a big step up from what the artificial intelligence chip maker had been allowed to offer to Beijing. 周一，特朗普总统表示，他的政府已批准英伟达向中国出售该公司第二先进的芯片，令这家芯片巨头获准对华出口的产品实现了大幅性能提升。 The administration had spent months wrestling with whether it was comfortable relaxing its policy on sales of a critical A.I. technology that has the potential to help China militarily and economically. 美国政府数月来一直在权衡是否要放宽对这项关键人工智能技术的对华销售政策，该技术有可能在军事和经济层面为中国提供助力。 In a social media post, Mr. Trump said the Commerce Department was finishing the details and would make similar opportunities available to other chip makers like Advanced Micro Devices and Intel. The president said a portion of the chip revenue would go to the U.S. government, a proposition that experts say could violate U.S. law. 特朗普在社交媒体上发文称，商务部正在敲定相关细节，并将为AMD、英特尔等其他芯片制造商提供类似出口机会。他还表示，芯片销售收入的一部分将归美国政府所有，专家指出，这一提议可能违反美国法律。 The decision is a major win for Jensen Huang. Nvidia’s chief executive, who spent months lobbying the White House to ease its export restrictions. 这一决定对英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋而言是重大胜利。他数月来一直游说白宫放宽出口限制。 The move is also a departure for Mr. Trump, whose administration initially promised to restrict sales of A.I. chips to China. The early position had support across much of Washington, and a looser policy that has become clear in recent months has drawn bipartisan complaints from Congress. 此举也与特朗普政府最初的立场相悖。其政府曾承诺限制人工智能芯片对华出口，这一早期立场在华盛顿获得广泛支持。近几个月来逐渐显现的宽松政策已引发国会两党的不满。 Last week, six senators, including Pete Ricketts, a Republican from Nebraska, and Chris Coons, a Democrat from Delaware, introduced a bill that would limit the sale of A.I. chips to China. 上周，包括内布拉斯加州共和党参议员皮特·里基茨、特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯在内，六名参议员提出了一项限制人工智能芯片对华销售的法案。 The administration’s shift followed a campaign by Mr. Huang and David Sacks, its A.I. and crypto czar, who have pushed back on national security concerns regarding A.I. chips. They have argued that increasing Nvidia’s sales to China would make Chinese companies dependent on its technology and give it more money to develop future generations of chips. 这一政策转变源于黄仁勋与特朗普政府人工智能及加密货币事务负责人戴维·萨克斯的游说。两人反驳了关于人工智能芯片的国家安全担忧，主张扩大英伟达对华销售将使中国企业依赖其技术，同时为英伟达带来更多资金用于研发下一代芯片。 Mr. Huang met with Mr. Trump at the White House last week, and Mr. Trump praised the executive afterward, saying, “He’s done an amazing job.” 黄仁勋上周在白宫与特朗普会面，特朗普随后称赞这位高管“做得非常出色”。 John Rizzo, an Nvidia spokesman, said offering H200 chips to approved commercial customers that had been vetted by the Commerce Department would strike “a thoughtful balance that is great for America.” 英伟达发言人约翰·里佐表示，向经商务部审核通过的商业客户提供H200芯片，将实现“对美国极具价值的审慎平衡”。 “We applaud President Trump’s decision to allow America’s chip industry to compete to support high-paying jobs and manufacturing in America,” he added. “我们赞赏特朗普总统的决定，这让美国芯片产业得以参与竞争，支持美国的高薪就业岗位和制造业发展，”他还说。 英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋游说特朗普政府放宽对华芯片销售限制。 The approval of the chip sales was reported earlier by Semafor. 芯片销售获批的消息此前由Semafor率先披露。 Now the question is: Will China buy Nvidia’s latest offering? The administration wants to encourage Chinese companies to use Nvidia’s H200 chip, which it released last year, while limiting sales of the company’s latest generation of chips, known as Blackwell. 如今的问题是：中国会购买吗？美国政府希望鼓励中国企业使用英伟达去年推出的H200芯片，同时限制其最新一代Blackwell芯片的销售。 In July, the Trump administration dropped its restrictions on sales of a chip called the H20, which Nvidia developed specifically for China. But Beijing discouraged companies from buying the chip, with administrators warning that it could have “backdoor security risks.” 今年7月，特朗普政府取消了对H20芯片的对华销售限制，该芯片是英伟达专为中国市场研发的产品。但中国政府不鼓励企业购买这款芯片，有关部门警告称其可能存在“后门安全风险”。 Nvidia could run into similar challenges when it begins selling the more powerful H200. After the first Trump administration and the Biden administration began limiting U.S. technology sales to China, Beijing increased its spending to become technologically self-reliant. Huawei, the country’s tech giant, has been improving its own A.I. chips. 当英伟达开始销售性能更强的H200芯片时，可能会面临类似挑战。在第一届特朗普政府和拜登政府相继限制美国技术对华出口后，中国加大投入以实现技术自主。中国科技巨头华为一直在改进其自主研发的人工智能芯片。 This summer, Mr. Trump proposed the idea of the government’s taking a cut of A.I. chip sales to China. On Monday, he reiterated that, writing that “$25% will be paid to the United States of America” — a 10-percentage-point increase from what the company previously agreed to pay the U.S. government. 今年夏天，特朗普提出政府要从人工智能芯片对华销售收入中分成的想法。周一，他重申了这一主张，称“25%的收入交给美利坚合众国”——这比该公司此前同意向美国政府缴纳的比例提高了10个百分点。 Government lawyers have been researching how to enact such a policy, given that U.S. law prohibits the charging of fees for export licenses. Mr. Huang said in a news conference in Washington in October that government officials were working on a new policy to collect the fees. 鉴于美国法律禁止对出口许可证收取费用，政府律师一直在研究如何实施这一政策。黄仁勋10月在华盛顿的一场新闻发布会上表示，政府官员正在制定一项新政策以收取这笔费用。 Neither U.S. nor Chinese officials have publicly acknowledged that the H200 chips were under discussion. But U.S. rules around the sale of technology to China have been a central issue in the countries’ relationship. 美中两国官员均未公开承认正在讨论H200芯片的对华销售事宜，但美国对华技术销售相关规定一直是两国关系中的核心议题。 After Mr. Trump imposed double-digit tariffs on Chinese exports in April, Beijing restricted exports of rare-earth minerals essential to a variety of industries. The countries tentatively agreed to walk back those restrictions this spring, but the truce fell apart after the United States announced new restrictions on Chinese technology companies. Chinese officials argued that those measures violated the spirit of their agreement. 今年4月，特朗普对中国出口商品加征两位数关税后，中国限制了对多个行业至关重要的稀土矿物出口。两国于今年春季暂时同意撤销这些限制，但在美国宣布对中国科技企业实施新限制后，这一休战协议破裂。中国官员称，这些措施违背了双方协议的精神。 At a meeting in South Korea in October, Mr. Trump and Xi Jinping, the leader of China, restored that truce, with the United States promising to keep tariffs low and Beijing to provide steady exports of rare earths and resume its purchases of American soybeans. The agreement was also widely believed to include a de facto U.S. freeze on any new technology restrictions. 10月在韩国举行的会面中，特朗普与中国国家领导人习近平恢复了休战状态。美国承诺维持低关税，中国则保证稳定出口稀土并恢复购买美国大豆。外界普遍认为，该协议还包括美国事实上冻结新的技术限制措施。 Since then, the countries have been working to keep the peace, and in a call with Mr. Xi in late November, Mr. Trump accepted an invitation to visit China in April. On Friday, Scott Bessent, the treasury secretary, and Jamieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative, spoke with China’s vice premier about the steps the sides were taking to maintain the agreement. 自那以后，两国一直致力于维护和平。11月底，特朗普在与习近平的通话中接受了4月访华的邀请。上周五，美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特、美国贸易代表贾米森·格里尔与中国副总理通话，讨论了双方为维护协议所采取的步骤。 But others in Washington have been critical of the administration’s warmer stance toward China. In a letter last week, Senator Elizabeth Warren, Democrat of Massachusetts, expressed concern over the potential sale of the H200 chip. 但华盛顿的其他人士对政府温和的对华立场提出了批评。马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦上周在一封信中，就H200芯片可能对华出售表达了担忧。 “I urge you to stop ignoring the input of bipartisan members of Congress and your own experts in order to cut deals that trade away America’s national security,” she wrote. “我敦促你停止忽视国会两党议员和你自己的专家的意见，不要再为了达成交易而牺牲美国的国家安全，”她写道。 Tripp Mickle报道英伟达、谷歌和苹果等全球最大的科技公司。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势，包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。 Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。
特朗普考虑向中国出售先进芯片，引发美国官员警惕
ANA SWANSON, TRIPP MICKLE2025年10月30日 As President Trump flew to South Korea on Wednesday to prepare for a summit with the Chinese leader, Xi Jinping, he made some remarks that set off alarm bells among Washington officials concerned about America’s rivalry with China. 周三，特朗普总统飞往韩国，为与中国国家主席习近平的会晤做准备。途中他发表的一番言论引发了关切美中竞争的华盛顿官员的警觉。 “We’ll be speaking about Blackwell,” Mr. Trump said of his meeting with Mr. Xi, referring to the most advanced artificial intelligence chip from the U.S. chipmaker Nvidia. Mr. Trump called the technology a “super duper chip”; complimented Nvidia’s chief executive, Jensen Huang; and declared, “We’re about 10 years ahead of anybody else in chips.” “我们会讨论‘Blackwell’的问题。”特朗普在谈及与习近平主席的会晤时表示。他口中的“Blackwell”是美国芯片制造商英伟达推出的最先进人工智能芯片。特朗普称这款技术为“超级棒的芯片”，还称赞了英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋，并宣称“我们在芯片领域比其他任何国家都领先大概10年”。 Mr. Trump’s comments signaled a major potential change for U.S. policy that many Washington officials warn poses a national security risk. Selling such advanced A.I. chips to China is currently banned, and U.S. officials have worked for years to restrain Beijing’s access to the cutting-edge technology. 特朗普的这番表态暗示美国政策可能出现重大转变。许多美国政府官员警告，此举将带来国家安全风险。目前，美国禁止向中国出售这类先进人工智能芯片，美国官员多年来一直努力限制中国获取此类尖端技术的途径。 The president’s reversal, if it comes to pass, would have widespread implications. Nvidia, which has emphasized the importance of maintaining access to the Chinese market, would reap new sales. But critics have argued that A.I. technology is important enough to potentially shift the balance of power in a strategic competition between the United States and China. 如果特朗普政府真的改变这一政策，将产生广泛影响。一直强调维持中国市场准入重要性的英伟达将从中获得可观的新销售收入。但批评者认为，人工智能技术的重要性足以改变美中战略竞争中的力量平衡。 On Wednesday, speculation that the Trump administration may imminently approve the sale of those chips to China mobilized opposition from critics inside and outside the White House and in Congress. 周三，有关特朗普政府可能很快批准向中国出售这类芯片的猜测引发了白宫内外及国会批评者的反对浪潮。 Senator Chris Coons, Democrat of Delaware, said on CNN that the reports “alarmed” him. 特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯在CNN节目中表示，相关报道让他“深感忧虑”。 “The defining fight of the 21st century will be who controls artificial intelligence,” he said. “It would be a tragic mistake for President Trump, in order to get some soybean orders out of China, to sell them these critical cutting-edge A.I. chips.” “21世纪的决胜之争将是人工智能主导权之争，”他说，“特朗普总统若为了让中国多订购些大豆，就向其出售这些关键的尖端人工智能芯片，那将是个悲剧性错误。” In an interview, R. Nicholas Burns, the U.S. ambassador to China from 2021 to 2025 and now a Harvard professor, said he hoped the Trump administration would “hold the line” on U.S. tech sales to China, calling them “a massive mistake.” 2021年至2025年担任美国驻华大使、现任哈佛大学教授的尼古拉斯·伯恩斯在接受采访时表示，他希望特朗普政府在对华技术出口问题上“坚守底线”，并称批准销售将是“巨大错误”。 The People’s Liberation Army of China wants to dislodge the United States, and sees technology as key to doing that, Mr. Burns said. Chinese laws also require companies to share technology and information with the government if asked. 伯恩斯指出，中国人民解放军始终以取代美国为战略目标，并将技术突破视为实现该目标的关键。此外，中国法律规定，企业若接到政府要求，必须向政府分享技术和信息。 If the Chinese military became stronger by better adapting technology over the next decade, the consequences for the United States and allies like Japan, South Korea and India could be dire. Any gains for American companies from selling into China would most likely be “very short-lived,” Mr. Burns said, since the Chinese government wants to become self-sufficient in chip technology, as it has in other industries. 他表示，若未来10年中国军方通过更好地应用技术实现军力提升，将给美国及日本、韩国、印度等盟友带来严重后果。他说，美国企业对华销售所获得的收益，很可能“非常短暂”——因为中国政府正致力于在芯片技术领域实现自给自足，就像在其他产业所做的那样。 “The loss would be incalculable,” Mr. Burns said. “We’ve got to prioritize national security over the interests of any one company.” “损失将是无法估量的，”伯恩斯说。“我们必须将国家安全置于任何一家公司的利益之上。” Nvidia and the White House did not immediately return requests for comment. 英伟达和白宫未立即回应置评请求。 The outcome of Mr. Trump’s meeting with Mr. Xi, scheduled for Thursday in South Korea, remains to be seen. But the administration has sought an arrangement with China that could restore stability to the relationship and restart some commerce, including soybean purchases that China halted after Mr. Trump imposed tariffs this year. 特朗普与习近平主席的会晤定于周四在韩国举行，会晤结果尚待观察。但特朗普政府一直寻求与中国达成协议，以恢复两国关系的稳定，并重启部分贸易活动，包括中国在今年特朗普加征关税后暂停的大豆采购。 Mr. Trump and other officials have hailed a potential deal in which China could resume those agricultural purchases, curb exports of chemicals used to make illicit fentanyl and pause the introduction of its new licensing system on rare earth minerals, while the United States pauses or removes some of its tariffs. 特朗普及其他官员大力称赞一项潜在协议。根据该协议，中国可能恢复农产品采购、限制用于制造非法芬太尼的化学品出口、暂缓推出新的稀土矿产许可制度；而美国则暂停或取消部分关税。 Beijing has also pushed the United States to halt or roll back its tech controls and other punitive measures against China, like new fees for Chinese ships docking in U.S. ports. 中国方面也推动美国停止或取消对华技术限制及其他惩罚性措施，例如针对中国船舶在美国港口停靠的新收费政策。 Mr. Trump said Wednesday that he expected to lower U.S. tariffs on China, adding that he and Mr. Xi “would work out something.” He said that the U.S.-Chinese relationship was very good and that he believed the meeting would have “a very good outcome for our country and for the world.” 特朗普周三表示，预计将降低对华关税，并强调他和习近平主席“会找到解决办法”。他称中美关系非常好，相信此次会晤“将为我们的国家和世界带来非常好的结果”。 特朗普总统于周三抵达韩国。周四他将与中国国家主席习近平举行会晤。 Nvidia and Mr. Huang, who increasingly has Mr. Trump’s ear and confidence, have pushed for Blackwell sales to China. The Silicon Valley company has argued that such sales would accelerate America’s leading position in A.I. 英伟达公司及其创始人黄仁勋——这位科技领袖日益获得特朗普的信任与重视——正积极推动向中国销售Blackwell芯片。这家硅谷企业主张，对华销售将巩固美国在人工智能领域的领先地位。 On Tuesday at Nvidia’s first conference in Washington, Mr. Huang said he did not know whether Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi would discuss chips, but argued that allowing the sale of Nvidia chips to China would benefit both countries. 周二，在英伟达于华盛顿举办的首次峰会上，黄仁勋表示，他不清楚特朗普与习近平主席是否会讨论芯片问题，但他认为允许英伟达芯片对华销售将使两国受益。 “We want as many countries around the world to be building on American tech standards,” he said. Mr. Huang added that half of the world’s A.I. researchers were in China, and that if they were cut off from Nvidia’s technology, that would hurt U.S. tech development. “我们希望全球尽可能多的国家都采用美国的技术标准。”他说。黄仁勋还提到，全球一半的人工智能研究人员在中国；若切断他们与英伟达技术的联系，将反噬美国科技发展。 In a keynote speech earlier on Tuesday, Mr. Huang also cast Nvidia as a successor of American innovators like AT&T, IBM and Apple. He mentioned America more than two dozen times and highlighted how Nvidia was beginning to make A.I. chips in Arizona, which he said Mr. Trump had asked his company to do. He closed the speech by thanking the audience for “all for your service and making America great again.” 周二早些时候，黄仁勋在主题演讲中还将英伟达定位为AT&T、IBM、苹果等美国创新企业的继承者。他在演讲中提及“美国”超过20多次，并强调英伟达已开始在亚利桑那州生产人工智能芯片——他称这是特朗普要求其公司做的。演讲结尾时，他感谢听众“所做的一切，让美国再次伟大”。 Mr. Huang was expected to travel to South Korea to participate in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, where Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi will meet on the sidelines. Mr. Huang declined on Tuesday to share his travel plans, and a Nvidia spokesman declined to comment on whether Mr. Huang would be present with the two leaders. 预计黄仁勋将前往韩国参加亚太经合组织峰会——特朗普与习近平主席将在峰会期间举行会晤。周二，黄仁勋拒绝透露自己的行程安排，英伟达发言人也拒绝评论黄仁勋是否会与两位领导人会面。 Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。 Tripp Mickle为时报报道苹果公司和硅谷新闻，常驻旧金山。他对苹果公司的关注包括产品发布、制造问题和政治挑战。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势，包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。
特朗普考虑向中国出售先进芯片，引发美国官员警惕
ANA SWANSON, TRIPP MICKLE2025年10月30日 As President Trump flew to South Korea on Wednesday to prepare for a summit with the Chinese leader, Xi Jinping, he made some remarks that set off alarm bells among Washington officials concerned about America’s rivalry with China. 周三，特朗普总统飞往韩国，为与中国国家主席习近平的会晤做准备。途中他发表的一番言论引发了关切美中竞争的华盛顿官员的警觉。 “We’ll be speaking about Blackwell,” Mr. Trump said of his meeting with Mr. Xi, referring to the most advanced artificial intelligence chip from the U.S. chipmaker Nvidia. Mr. Trump called the technology a “super duper chip”; complimented Nvidia’s chief executive, Jensen Huang; and declared, “We’re about 10 years ahead of anybody else in chips.” “我们会讨论‘Blackwell’的问题。”特朗普在谈及与习近平主席的会晤时表示。他口中的“Blackwell”是美国芯片制造商英伟达推出的最先进人工智能芯片。特朗普称这款技术为“超级棒的芯片”，还称赞了英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋，并宣称“我们在芯片领域比其他任何国家都领先大概10年”。 Mr. Trump’s comments signaled a major potential change for U.S. policy that many Washington officials warn poses a national security risk. Selling such advanced A.I. chips to China is currently banned, and U.S. officials have worked for years to restrain Beijing’s access to the cutting-edge technology. 特朗普的这番表态暗示美国政策可能出现重大转变。许多美国政府官员警告，此举将带来国家安全风险。目前，美国禁止向中国出售这类先进人工智能芯片，美国官员多年来一直努力限制中国获取此类尖端技术的途径。 The president’s reversal, if it comes to pass, would have widespread implications. Nvidia, which has emphasized the importance of maintaining access to the Chinese market, would reap new sales. But critics have argued that A.I. technology is important enough to potentially shift the balance of power in a strategic competition between the United States and China. 如果特朗普政府真的改变这一政策，将产生广泛影响。一直强调维持中国市场准入重要性的英伟达将从中获得可观的新销售收入。但批评者认为，人工智能技术的重要性足以改变美中战略竞争中的力量平衡。 On Wednesday, speculation that the Trump administration may imminently approve the sale of those chips to China mobilized opposition from critics inside and outside the White House and in Congress. 周三，有关特朗普政府可能很快批准向中国出售这类芯片的猜测引发了白宫内外及国会批评者的反对浪潮。 Senator Chris Coons, Democrat of Delaware, said on CNN that the reports “alarmed” him. 特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯在CNN节目中表示，相关报道让他“深感忧虑”。 “The defining fight of the 21st century will be who controls artificial intelligence,” he said. “It would be a tragic mistake for President Trump, in order to get some soybean orders out of China, to sell them these critical cutting-edge A.I. chips.” “21世纪的决胜之争将是人工智能主导权之争，”他说，“特朗普总统若为了让中国多订购些大豆，就向其出售这些关键的尖端人工智能芯片，那将是个悲剧性错误。” In an interview, R. Nicholas Burns, the U.S. ambassador to China from 2021 to 2025 and now a Harvard professor, said he hoped the Trump administration would “hold the line” on U.S. tech sales to China, calling them “a massive mistake.” 2021年至2025年担任美国驻华大使、现任哈佛大学教授的尼古拉斯·伯恩斯在接受采访时表示，他希望特朗普政府在对华技术出口问题上“坚守底线”，并称批准销售将是“巨大错误”。 The People’s Liberation Army of China wants to dislodge the United States, and sees technology as key to doing that, Mr. Burns said. Chinese laws also require companies to share technology and information with the government if asked. 伯恩斯指出，中国人民解放军始终以取代美国为战略目标，并将技术突破视为实现该目标的关键。此外，中国法律规定，企业若接到政府要求，必须向政府分享技术和信息。 If the Chinese military became stronger by better adapting technology over the next decade, the consequences for the United States and allies like Japan, South Korea and India could be dire. Any gains for American companies from selling into China would most likely be “very short-lived,” Mr. Burns said, since the Chinese government wants to become self-sufficient in chip technology, as it has in other industries. 他表示，若未来10年中国军方通过更好地应用技术实现军力提升，将给美国及日本、韩国、印度等盟友带来严重后果。他说，美国企业对华销售所获得的收益，很可能“非常短暂”——因为中国政府正致力于在芯片技术领域实现自给自足，就像在其他产业所做的那样。 “The loss would be incalculable,” Mr. Burns said. “We’ve got to prioritize national security over the interests of any one company.” “损失将是无法估量的，”伯恩斯说。“我们必须将国家安全置于任何一家公司的利益之上。” Nvidia and the White House did not immediately return requests for comment. 英伟达和白宫未立即回应置评请求。 The outcome of Mr. Trump’s meeting with Mr. Xi, scheduled for Thursday in South Korea, remains to be seen. But the administration has sought an arrangement with China that could restore stability to the relationship and restart some commerce, including soybean purchases that China halted after Mr. Trump imposed tariffs this year. 特朗普与习近平主席的会晤定于周四在韩国举行，会晤结果尚待观察。但特朗普政府一直寻求与中国达成协议，以恢复两国关系的稳定，并重启部分贸易活动，包括中国在今年特朗普加征关税后暂停的大豆采购。 Mr. Trump and other officials have hailed a potential deal in which China could resume those agricultural purchases, curb exports of chemicals used to make illicit fentanyl and pause the introduction of its new licensing system on rare earth minerals, while the United States pauses or removes some of its tariffs. 特朗普及其他官员大力称赞一项潜在协议。根据该协议，中国可能恢复农产品采购、限制用于制造非法芬太尼的化学品出口、暂缓推出新的稀土矿产许可制度；而美国则暂停或取消部分关税。 Beijing has also pushed the United States to halt or roll back its tech controls and other punitive measures against China, like new fees for Chinese ships docking in U.S. ports. 中国方面也推动美国停止或取消对华技术限制及其他惩罚性措施，例如针对中国船舶在美国港口停靠的新收费政策。 Mr. Trump said Wednesday that he expected to lower U.S. tariffs on China, adding that he and Mr. Xi “would work out something.” He said that the U.S.-Chinese relationship was very good and that he believed the meeting would have “a very good outcome for our country and for the world.” 特朗普周三表示，预计将降低对华关税，并强调他和习近平主席“会找到解决办法”。他称中美关系非常好，相信此次会晤“将为我们的国家和世界带来非常好的结果”。 特朗普总统于周三抵达韩国。周四他将与中国国家主席习近平举行会晤。 Nvidia and Mr. Huang, who increasingly has Mr. Trump’s ear and confidence, have pushed for Blackwell sales to China. The Silicon Valley company has argued that such sales would accelerate America’s leading position in A.I. 英伟达公司及其创始人黄仁勋——这位科技领袖日益获得特朗普的信任与重视——正积极推动向中国销售Blackwell芯片。这家硅谷企业主张，对华销售将巩固美国在人工智能领域的领先地位。 On Tuesday at Nvidia’s first conference in Washington, Mr. Huang said he did not know whether Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi would discuss chips, but argued that allowing the sale of Nvidia chips to China would benefit both countries. 周二，在英伟达于华盛顿举办的首次峰会上，黄仁勋表示，他不清楚特朗普与习近平主席是否会讨论芯片问题，但他认为允许英伟达芯片对华销售将使两国受益。 “We want as many countries around the world to be building on American tech standards,” he said. Mr. Huang added that half of the world’s A.I. researchers were in China, and that if they were cut off from Nvidia’s technology, that would hurt U.S. tech development. “我们希望全球尽可能多的国家都采用美国的技术标准。”他说。黄仁勋还提到，全球一半的人工智能研究人员在中国；若切断他们与英伟达技术的联系，将反噬美国科技发展。 In a keynote speech earlier on Tuesday, Mr. Huang also cast Nvidia as a successor of American innovators like AT&T, IBM and Apple. He mentioned America more than two dozen times and highlighted how Nvidia was beginning to make A.I. chips in Arizona, which he said Mr. Trump had asked his company to do. He closed the speech by thanking the audience for “all for your service and making America great again.” 周二早些时候，黄仁勋在主题演讲中还将英伟达定位为AT&T、IBM、苹果等美国创新企业的继承者。他在演讲中提及“美国”超过20多次，并强调英伟达已开始在亚利桑那州生产人工智能芯片——他称这是特朗普要求其公司做的。演讲结尾时，他感谢听众“所做的一切，让美国再次伟大”。 Mr. Huang was expected to travel to South Korea to participate in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit, where Mr. Trump and Mr. Xi will meet on the sidelines. Mr. Huang declined on Tuesday to share his travel plans, and a Nvidia spokesman declined to comment on whether Mr. Huang would be present with the two leaders. 预计黄仁勋将前往韩国参加亚太经合组织峰会——特朗普与习近平主席将在峰会期间举行会晤。周二，黄仁勋拒绝透露自己的行程安排，英伟达发言人也拒绝评论黄仁勋是否会与两位领导人会面。 Ana Swanson报道贸易和国际经济新闻，常驻华盛顿。她从事新闻工作已超过十年。 Tripp Mickle为时报报道苹果公司和硅谷新闻，常驻旧金山。他对苹果公司的关注包括产品发布、制造问题和政治挑战。他也报道整个科技行业的趋势，包括裁员、生成式AI和机器人出租车等。 翻译：纽约时报中文网 点击查看本文英文版。