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Joint Resolution

A legislative measure that, if passed by both the House and Senate and signed by the President (or overridden by Congress if vetoed), has the force of law, similar to a bill. Often used for specific, temporary, or unusual policy matters.

Hostilities

Military actions, armed conflict, or situations where U.S. forces are engaged in combat or face imminent involvement in combat.

War Powers Resolution

A law passed in 1973 that aims to limit the President's power to commit U.S. forces to armed conflict without congressional consent. It requires the President to notify Congress when introducing forces into hostilities and limits their duration without congressional approval.

Declaration of War

A formal act by Congress, specified in the U.S. Constitution, to legally declare a state of war against another country or entity.

Specific Statutory Authorization for Use of Military Force

A law passed by Congress that specifically approves the President's use of military force for a particular purpose or against a specific target, even if it's not a formal 'declaration of war.'

Article I, Section 8, Clause 11

The part of the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power 'To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water.'