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Critical minerals

Minerals considered essential for the economic or national security of the United States, whose supply chains are vulnerable to disruption. Examples include lithium, cobalt, and rare earth elements.

Rare earth metals

A group of 17 chemically similar metallic elements that are vital components in many high-tech devices, including smartphones, electric cars, and defense systems.

Supply chains

The entire process of how a product gets from its raw materials to the final customer, including extraction, processing, manufacturing, and distribution.

Intergovernmental coordination

The process of different levels of government (federal, state, local, tribal, territorial) working together and sharing information to achieve a common goal.

Covered country

A nation identified by law as a strategic competitor or adversary of the United States, particularly concerning critical minerals, including the People's Republic of China.

National security

The protection of a nation from attacks or threats, including those related to its economic stability, energy supply, and defense capabilities.