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Export Control Reform Act of 2018

A U.S. law that established the framework for controlling the export, re-export, and transfer of commercial and dual-use (commercial and military) items to protect national security interests and foreign policy objectives.

License application

A formal request submitted to the U.S. government by a company or individual seeking permission to export, re-export, or transfer items that are subject to export controls.

Covered entity

A specific foreign organization or individual that is located in a country designated as a high-risk destination by the U.S. government AND is also listed on a U.S. government watchlist due to concerns about its activities.

Export Control Classification Number (ECCN)

A five-character alphanumeric designation (e.g., 3A001) used in the U.S. Commerce Control List to categorize and identify items subject to export controls, indicating the type of item and its level of control.

End-user

The ultimate recipient or user of an exported item, who will use the item for its final intended purpose. Identifying the end-user is critical for assessing export control risks.