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IUU fishing

Stands for 'illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing.' This includes fishing without permission, not reporting catches, fishing in protected areas, or violating conservation rules.

Beneficial owner

A person or entity that ultimately owns or controls a vessel, even if the ownership is hidden through various contracts or arrangements.

Regional fisheries management organization (RFMO)

An international group of countries that work together to manage fish stocks in a specific ocean area. They set rules like catch limits and fishing seasons.

Forced labor

Work that is performed involuntarily or under threat of penalty, often involving deceptive practices, abuse of vulnerability, or physical coercion.

High Seas

Areas of the ocean beyond the national jurisdiction of any country, open to all nations for activities like fishing, as long as they follow international law.

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

An area of the sea in which a country has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, extending 200 nautical miles from its coast.

Transshipment