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Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (ECRA)

A U.S. law that controls the shipment or transfer of sensitive goods, software, and technology out of the country for national security and foreign policy reasons.

Commerce Control List

A list managed by the Department of Commerce that identifies specific items (goods, software, and technology) subject to U.S. export controls due to their potential military or strategic significance.

Remote Access

In this bill, it means a foreign individual or group, located outside the U.S., using a cloud computing service to connect to and use a sensitive U.S. item (like advanced software or computing power) that is located elsewhere.

Foreign Person of Concern

A government, organization, or individual from specific countries or regions identified by the U.S. government as posing a national security or foreign policy risk, such as China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea.

Cloud Infrastructure Service

A service that provides computing resources like virtual servers, storage, and networking over the internet, allowing users to access them remotely without owning the physical hardware.

Dual-use model

A technology or item that has both peaceful civilian uses and potential military or harmful applications, such as certain types of artificial intelligence that could be used for weapons.