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Government shutdown

When federal agencies or departments stop or limit operations because Congress has not passed legislation to fund them.

Lapse in appropriations

A period when Congress has failed to pass laws providing money (appropriations) for government agencies to spend, leading to a government shutdown.

Member of Congress

An individual serving as a U.S. Senator or a U.S. Representative in the House of Representatives.

Payroll administrator

The official responsible for managing and distributing salaries and wages for either the U.S. Senate (Secretary of the Senate) or the House of Representatives (Chief Administrative Officer).

Escrow account

A temporary account held by a third party (in this case, the government's payroll administrator) for funds that are not yet released to the final recipient, often until specific conditions are met.

27th Amendment to the Constitution

A constitutional rule stating that any law changing the salary of Members of Congress cannot take effect until the start of the next term of office for Representatives, meaning after an intervening election.