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J-visa

A non-immigrant visa category for individuals approved to participate in exchange visitor programs, including foreign medical graduates coming to the U.S. for medical training.

Foreign Residency Requirement

A rule for certain J-visa holders that requires them to return to their home country for at least two years after their program before they can apply for certain other visas or permanent residency.

Waiver

An official exemption from the foreign residency requirement, often granted to J-visa doctors who agree to work in a U.S. area with a shortage of medical professionals.

Fiscal Year

A 12-month period that a government or business uses for budgeting and accounting purposes, often from October 1 to September 30 for the U.S. federal government.

Medically Underserved Communities

Geographic areas or populations identified as having a shortage of primary care health services, often due to too few health professionals, high infant mortality, high poverty, or a high percentage of elderly residents.

Secretary of State

The head of the U.S. Department of State, responsible for foreign policy and certain immigration matters.