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Reduction in Force (RIF)

A process by which a federal agency reduces its staff, often due to a lack of funds, reorganization, or a decrease in workload. It usually involves laying off employees.

Moratorium

A temporary prohibition or suspension of an activity.

Involuntary separation

When an employee is dismissed or separated from their job by their employer, rather than choosing to leave voluntarily.

Competitive service

Federal jobs that require applicants to go through a competitive hiring process, often involving exams or a rigorous application review, and are subject to specific civil service laws.

Excepted service

Federal jobs that are exempt from some of the competitive hiring requirements and civil service laws that apply to positions in the competitive service.

Senior Executive Service (SES)

A corps of federal leaders who manage programs and advise policymakers, bridging the gap between political appointees and career civil servants.

Fiscal year

A 12-month period that a government or business uses for financial accounting and budgeting. The U.S. federal government's fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30.