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Comptroller General of the United States

The head of the Government Accountability Office (GAO), an independent, non-partisan agency that helps Congress oversee federal programs and spending. Often referred to as Congress's watchdog.

Federal Insurance Office (FIO)

An office within the U.S. Department of the Treasury that monitors the insurance industry, advises the Treasury Secretary on insurance matters, and represents the U.S. in international insurance discussions.

State insurance regulators

Government officials or agencies at the state level responsible for overseeing insurance companies and markets within their state, including approving rates and ensuring solvency.

Underwriting

The process an insurance company uses to evaluate the risk of insuring a particular person or property and to decide whether to provide coverage, and at what cost.

Policyholder cost-sharing provisions

Parts of an insurance policy that require the policyholder to pay a portion of the costs of covered services, such as deductibles or co-payments.

Residual market insurance entities

Special programs or organizations, usually created by states, that provide insurance coverage to people or properties that cannot obtain it in the regular private insurance market due to high risk.