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Mineral interests

The legal right to extract minerals (like coal, oil, or natural gas) from beneath the surface of a piece of land, distinct from ownership of the surface land itself.

In trust

When the U.S. government holds legal title to land or resources for the benefit of a Native American tribe or individual, managing it to protect tribal interests while the tribe retains beneficial ownership.

Relinquishment

The voluntary surrender or giving up of a right, claim, or property, such as a lease.

Subsurface interests

Ownership rights to everything below the surface of a piece of land, typically including minerals.

Surface interests

Ownership rights to the surface of a piece of land, including what's on top of it, but not necessarily what's underneath (like minerals).

Federally recognized Indian Tribe

An Indigenous tribal entity that has a legal government-to-government relationship with the United States, granting it certain rights and responsibilities.

Lessee

A person or company that holds a lease, meaning they have the right to use property for a specific period under specific conditions in exchange for payment.