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Accrediting agency or association

An organization recognized by the U.S. Department of Education that evaluates the quality of educational institutions and programs. Accreditation is often necessary for schools to receive federal funding and for students to get federal financial aid.

Institution of higher education

A college, university, or other postsecondary school that offers education beyond high school.

Higher Education Act of 1965

A landmark federal law that provides financial assistance for higher education and supports educational programs and research.

Free inquiry

The ability for individuals (like students and faculty) to express ideas, research, and discuss topics freely without undue restriction. For public institutions, it means upholding the First Amendment; for private ones, it means adhering to their own free speech policies.

Civil action

A lawsuit brought in court to protect a private right or to get legal damages (like money) from another party, as opposed to a criminal case brought by the government.

First Amendment

Part of the U.S. Constitution that protects freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government.