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Subaward

A financial payment or transaction, like a grant or contract, made by an organization that first received money from the U.S. government to another organization to help carry out a part of the original government-funded project.

Pass-through entity

An organization that receives money from the U.S. government and then provides some of that money to another organization (a subrecipient) to do part of the work related to the original funding.

Subrecipient

An organization that receives money (a subaward) from a pass-through entity to perform a portion of the activities funded by a U.S. government award.

Federal award

Money or financial assistance, such as a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, provided directly by a U.S. government agency to an organization.

Foreign country of concern / Foreign entity of concern

A foreign country or organization officially identified by the U.S. government, as defined in a separate defense act (the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021), that raises national security concerns for the United States.

Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (FFATA)

A law that requires information about how U.S. federal funds are spent to be publicly available, making government spending more transparent.