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Environmental Review Process

A formal process, usually required by law (like NEPA), for assessing the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project before it is approved or built.

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA)

A foundational U.S. environmental law that requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions.

Digital Twins

High-fidelity, 3-dimensional computer models of real-world objects or systems, in this case, infrastructure project elements, used for analysis and visualization.

Cloud-based Platforms

Software and services that run on the Internet, rather than locally on a computer, allowing for remote access and collaboration.

Covered Project

A specific type of highway project that has received a grant from certain large federal infrastructure funding programs, such as INFRA, Mega, or RAISE.

Environmental Assessment (EA)

A concise public document prepared under NEPA to determine whether a federal action has significant environmental impacts, thus requiring a more detailed Environmental Impact Statement.

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)