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Resolution

A formal expression of opinion or will by a legislative body, often used for procedural matters or to express a chamber's stance on an issue, rather than creating new law.

Points of Order

Objections raised by a Member of Congress to the House or Senate floor, claiming that a legislative procedure or action is violating a rule of that chamber. If upheld, they can stop or delay action.

Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute

An amendment that seeks to replace the entire text of a bill with new text. It is a common way to offer an alternative version of a bill.

Ranking Minority Member

The most senior (longest-serving) member of the minority party on a congressional committee or subcommittee.

Previous Question

A procedural motion used in the House of Representatives to end debate and prevent further amendments, forcing an immediate vote on the pending matter (usually the bill or resolution itself).

Motion to Recommit

A procedural motion offered by the minority party in the House of Representatives just before a final vote on a bill. It's a last chance to send the bill back to committee, often with instructions to change it in a way favored by the minority.