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Sense of Congress

An official statement of opinion or sentiment by one or both chambers of Congress. It does not carry the force of law and is not binding on the executive branch or the public.

1890 Institutions

A group of 19 historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) that were designated as land-grant institutions by the Second Morrill Act of 1890. They focus on education, agricultural research, and extension programs.

Land-grant institutions

Colleges or universities that were originally given land by the federal government under the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 to focus on teaching agriculture, military tactics, and mechanical arts, in addition to classical studies. Their mission includes research and extension services to the public.

Morrill Act of 1890 (Second Morrill Act)

A federal law that provided funding for separate land-grant colleges for African Americans in states where African Americans were excluded from existing land-grant institutions due to segregation.

Extension efforts

Educational programs and services provided by land-grant universities to communities, farmers, families, and youth to share research-based knowledge and practical skills outside of the traditional classroom setting.

HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)

Institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before 1964 with the principal mission of educating Black Americans. The 1890 Institutions are a specific type of HBCU.