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Formula Grants

Federal money given to states or local entities based on specific formulas, often tied to factors like population, poverty rates, or enrollment numbers, for a defined purpose.

Block Grants

Federal money given to states or local entities for a broad purpose, with fewer restrictions on how the funds must be spent compared to specific grants.

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)

A major federal law that funds primary and secondary education, emphasizing equal access to education and high standards for all students. It has been reauthorized and amended multiple times, most recently as the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA).

Fiscal Year

A 12-month period that a government or business uses for budgeting and accounting. The U.S. federal government's fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30.

Local Educational Agencies (LEAs)

Public school districts or other public institutions that provide elementary or secondary education.

Title I

A part of the ESEA that provides financial assistance to schools with high numbers or high percentages of children from low-income families to help ensure all children meet state academic standards.