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Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens

Germs, like bacteria or viruses, that have evolved to resist the medicines (antibiotics, antivirals) designed to kill them, making infections much harder or impossible to treat.

Multilateral organizations

International groups or agencies where multiple countries work together on shared issues, such as global health or economic development (e.g., the World Health Organization).

Qualified pandemic or epidemic product

Medical tools, such as vaccines, drugs, or diagnostic tests, specifically developed or approved to prevent, treat, or diagnose a widespread disease outbreak.

Commercialization

The process of taking a newly developed product or service and bringing it to market, making it available for sale and use by the public.

Public-private partnerships

Collaborations between government agencies and private companies to achieve a shared goal, often involving shared resources, risks, and expertise.

Stewardship

The responsible planning and management of resources or products, ensuring they are used effectively, safely, and in a way that preserves their usefulness over time.