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National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)

A federal program that offers flood insurance to property owners in communities that adopt and enforce flood management regulations.

Endangered Species Act (ESA)

A major federal law passed in 1973 that protects plants and animals at risk of extinction and the ecosystems they depend on.

Biological Opinion

A formal document from federal wildlife agencies (like the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) that evaluates whether a proposed action by another federal agency is likely to harm endangered species or their critical habitats.

Administrator

In the context of the National Flood Insurance Program, this term refers to the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), who manages the program.

Section 7(a) of the ESA

A specific part of the Endangered Species Act that requires all federal agencies to ensure that their actions do not jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered or threatened species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of their critical habitat.

National Flood Insurance Act of 1968

The original law that established the National Flood Insurance Program in the United States.