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Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

A federal program that provides monthly payments to low-income people who are aged 65 or older, blind, or disabled.

Institutionalized Individual/Couple

Someone who lives in a public or private institution, such as a nursing home, hospital, or intermediate care facility, where a significant portion of their care costs are covered by Medicaid or other public programs.

Personal Needs Allowance

A small portion of a Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payment that institutionalized individuals are allowed to keep each month for their personal expenses, after their care costs are covered.

Cost-of-Living Adjustment (COLA)

An increase in benefits or wages to account for inflation, helping to maintain purchasing power as prices rise.

State Supplementary Payments

Additional cash payments that some states choose to provide to SSI recipients, on top of the federal SSI benefit.