American businesses, especially those in agriculture, telecommunications, and tourism, would be most directly affected as they would gain access to the Cuban market for exports, investment, and service provision. For instance, U.S. farmers could sell their goods in Cuba without the current payment restrictions, and telecom companies could expand their infrastructure there.

U.S. citizens and residents who wish to travel to Cuba would also be significantly affected, as existing restrictions on travel and related financial transactions would be removed, making it easier and legal for them to visit the island for tourism or family visits. Cuban citizens could also see impacts from increased access to American goods, services, and tourism, and the Cuban government would operate under a new framework of diplomatic and economic engagement with the U.S.