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Critical Minerals

Minerals identified as essential for the economic or national security of the United States, which have supply chains vulnerable to disruption. Examples include rare earth elements, lithium, and cobalt, used in technologies from defense systems to electric vehicles.

Rare Earth Elements

A group of 17 chemical elements essential for many modern technologies, including magnets in electric cars, wind turbines, and advanced military equipment.

Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR)

An agency of the federal government responsible for developing and coordinating U.S. international trade policy, and for overseeing trade negotiations.

Trade Agreement

A pact between two or more countries concerning trade, typically aimed at reducing barriers to trade, such as tariffs, import quotas, and non-tariff barriers.

Supply Chain Vulnerability

A weakness in the network of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer, making it susceptible to disruptions or control by a single entity.

Economic Coercion

The use of economic power or measures by one country to compel another country to act in a certain way, often through trade restrictions, sanctions, or control over essential resources.