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Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA)

A federal law passed in 2002 to improve election administration nationwide, providing funding for new voting machines and setting standards for elections.

Election Assistance Commission (EAC)

An independent, bipartisan commission created by HAVA to assist states with election administration, including testing and certifying voting equipment.

Penetration Testing

A simulated cyberattack against a computer system or network to find security vulnerabilities that a malicious attacker could exploit.

Voting Systems

The hardware, software, and data management procedures used to cast and count votes, including voting machines, electronic poll books, and tabulation systems.

Vulnerability Disclosure

The process by which security researchers report identified weaknesses or flaws in a system to the organization responsible for it, typically before public release.

Safe Harbor

A legal provision that provides protection from liability or prosecution for certain actions, provided specific conditions are met.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)