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Alien child

A person under 18 years of age who is not a U.S. citizen or national and is not legally admitted for permanent residence.

Unaccompanied alien child

A child under 18 years of age who arrives in the U.S. without a parent or legal guardian, and who has no parent or legal guardian in the U.S. available to provide care and physical custody.

Consent decree

An agreement or settlement that resolves a dispute between two parties without admission of guilt or liability, and which is approved by a court and legally binding.

Flores Settlement Agreement

A 1997 legal settlement that set nationwide standards for the detention, release, and treatment of all children in immigration custody, generally favoring the release of children to parents or guardians over prolonged detention.

Misdemeanor offense

A minor criminal offense, generally less serious than a felony, punishable by less than a year in prison or a fine.

Preemption

A legal principle where a higher level of government's law (e.g., federal) takes precedence over a lower level of government's law (e.g., state or local) when there is a conflict.