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Lapse in appropriations

A period when the U.S. government runs out of legal funding authority because Congress has not passed new spending bills, often resulting in a partial or full government shutdown.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

A U.S. government agency that coordinates the federal response to disasters and manages programs to help communities prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and reduce the impact of all types of hazards.

National Academy for Fire Prevention and Control

A federal institution, often referred to as the National Fire Academy, managed by FEMA that provides advanced training and education to fire and emergency services personnel.

Backfill expense

Costs incurred by a fire department to cover staffing needs or shifts when personnel are away for training, typically involving overtime pay for other staff or hiring temporary replacements.

Good cause

A valid and justifiable reason for an action or inaction, often used to excuse a party from responsibility. In this bill, it refers to reasons for course cancellation other than a lapse in government funding.