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Lapse in appropriations

A situation where Congress fails to pass legislation that provides funding for government agencies and operations, leading to a partial or full government shutdown.

Furloughed

Temporarily laid off from work without pay, often due to a lack of funding or work, common during government shutdowns for non-essential employees.

Excepted employee

A federal employee who is required to continue working during a government shutdown because their duties are considered essential (e.g., related to national security or public safety), even though they may not receive pay until the shutdown ends.

Federal contractor

An individual or company that provides goods or services to the federal government under a contract. Their employees may be placed on unpaid leave if government funding for their contract stops during a shutdown.

Reimbursement

The act of paying someone back for money they have spent, often for expenses incurred on behalf of another party or due to an unexpected event.

Title 31, United States Code

The part of U.S. law that deals with money and finance, including government accounting, budgeting, and appropriations.