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SBIR

Small Business Innovation Research – a federal program that provides grants to small businesses for research and development with commercial potential.

STTR

Small Business Technology Transfer – a federal program similar to SBIR, but it requires small businesses to formally collaborate with a non-profit research institution.

Phase II award

The second stage of an SBIR or STTR project, following a successful Phase I, where a small business receives funding to develop a prototype or demonstrate feasibility.

Fellowship

A temporary position, often with financial support, that allows a person to pursue advanced study or research in a particular field, usually at the graduate or postdoctoral level.

Grant/Award

Financial assistance given by a federal agency to an eligible recipient to carry out an approved project or activity.

Small Business Concern

A business that meets specific size standards set by the Small Business Administration, typically based on number of employees or average annual receipts.

Socially disadvantaged individuals

People who have been subjected to racial or ethnic prejudice or cultural bias because of their identity, without regard to their individual qualities.