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Privacy Act

A federal law from 1974 that protects individuals' personal information held by U.S. government agencies, giving people rights to access and correct their records, and generally restricting the disclosure of those records.

Federal personnel

Any individual working for the federal government, including employees and certain contractors or temporary workers like 'special Government employees'.

Civil action

A lawsuit brought in court to enforce, redress, or protect private rights, often involving one party seeking monetary damages or specific performance from another party.

Special Government employee

An officer or employee of the executive branch of the U.S. Government who is retained, designated, appointed, or employed to perform temporary duties, with or without compensation, for a period not to exceed 130 days during any period of 365 consecutive days.

Parens patriae

A legal term referring to the power of the state to act as a parent or guardian for citizens who are unable to protect themselves, such as minors or incapacitated adults. In this context, it allows state attorneys general to sue on behalf of their residents' collective interests.

Demonstrable harm

Actual, clear, and provable injury or damage suffered by an individual, not just a hypothetical possibility.