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Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR)

The ash and other byproducts left over after coal is burned, often referred to as coal ash.

Solid Waste Disposal Act

A federal law that governs the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste, including setting standards for landfills and other waste management facilities.

Beneficial Use

Using a waste material, like coal ash, in a way that is productive and safe, such as in construction materials (concrete, roads) or as a soil amendment, rather than just disposing of it.

Surface Impoundment

A natural topographic depression, man-made excavation, or diked area primarily used for the storage or treatment of liquid wastes, often where coal ash is stored in wet form.

Sanitary Landfill

A specially designed and constructed waste disposal facility that prevents the escape of pollutants into the environment, typically through liners and leachate collection systems.

Critical Mineral

A mineral identified by the government as essential for economic or national security, whose supply chain is vulnerable to disruption.