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Entity List

A list maintained by the U.S. Department of Commerce that identifies foreign persons (companies, research institutions, individuals) subject to specific licensing requirements for the export, reexport, or transfer of certain items from the United States.

Military End User List

A list from the U.S. Department of Commerce that identifies foreign parties restricted from receiving certain U.S. items due to their status as military end-users.

Export Control Reform Act of 2018

A U.S. law that provides the legal framework for controlling the export of specific items and technologies for reasons of national security and foreign policy.

Foreign Direct Product Rule

A U.S. export control rule that restricts the export of certain foreign-produced items if they are the direct product of specific U.S. technology or software, or were produced by a plant that was itself a direct product of specific U.S. technology or software.

Licensing requirement

The need to obtain a special permit or approval from the government before exporting certain goods, software, or technology to specific destinations or entities, often for national security or foreign policy reasons.

Subsidiary

A company that is owned or controlled by another company, often referred to as the parent company.