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Redistricting

The process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral districts, usually after a census, to ensure equal population in each district.

Decennial Census

A count of the entire population of the United States, conducted every ten years as required by the Constitution.

Apportionment

The process of dividing the 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives among the states based on their population count from the decennial census.

Gerrymandering

Manipulating the boundaries of an electoral constituency so as to favor one party or class.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A landmark federal law that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

Article I, Section 4 of the Constitution

A part of the U.S. Constitution that gives state legislatures the power to regulate federal elections, but also allows Congress to make or alter those regulations.

Fourteenth Amendment, Section 5

A part of the U.S. Constitution that gives Congress the power to pass laws to enforce the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment, which includes requirements for how Representatives are divided among the states.