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Proxy advisory firm

A company that provides recommendations to shareholders on how to vote on company-related issues, like electing directors or approving mergers.

Proxy voting advice

Recommendations given to a shareholder on how to cast their vote or consent on a specific company matter that requires shareholder approval.

Registrant

The company that issues securities (like stocks) and whose shareholders are being asked to vote on a particular matter.

Conflict of interest

A situation where a person or organization has competing professional or personal interests that could make it difficult to remain impartial.

Consulting services

Advice or guidance provided to a company on various topics like corporate governance, compensation, or environmental policies, especially in areas where shareholders will vote.

Affiliate

A company that is connected to another company, often through ownership or control, acting as a subsidiary or part of the same group.

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

A major federal law that governs the regulation of securities transactions in the secondary market, designed to ensure fairness and prevent fraud.