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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

The main law that gives the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to regulate the safety and effectiveness of food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics in the U.S.

Nonprescription

Products that can be bought without a doctor's order, also known as over-the-counter.

Active ingredients

The components in a product (like sunscreen) that are responsible for its intended effect, such as blocking UV rays.

Real-world evidence

Health information collected outside of traditional clinical trials, such as from electronic health records, claims data, or patient registries, used to evaluate a product's safety or effectiveness.

Observational studies

Research where scientists observe a group of people or data over time without interfering or assigning treatments, often used to look for connections between behaviors and health outcomes.

Nonclinical testing

Laboratory or computer-based tests performed without using human subjects or live animals, often used to evaluate a product's safety or effectiveness.

Administrative order