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Arms Export Control Act (AECA)

A U.S. law that controls the export of defense articles and defense services, including how they are sold and to whom.

Foreign Military Sales (FMS)

A U.S. government program that allows foreign countries and international organizations to buy U.S. defense articles and services.

NATO Plus community of states

A colloquial term referring to a select group of close U.S. allies (Japan, Australia, South Korea, Israel, New Zealand) that receive streamlined treatment for U.S. arms sales, often with higher congressional notification thresholds.

Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA)

A designation by the U.S. government for certain countries that have strategic working relationships with the U.S. military but are not members of NATO. This status grants them certain defense and financial benefits.

Defense articles and defense services

Military weapons, equipment, components, and related services (like training or maintenance) that are sold or transferred to other countries.

Congressional notification threshold

The dollar value of a proposed arms sale or transfer that, if exceeded, requires the executive branch to formally notify Congress, allowing legislators time to review or potentially object to the sale.