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Artificial intelligence (AI)

Computer systems that can learn, make predictions, or make decisions, similar to how humans think, based on data.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

A federal agency focused on understanding and predicting changes in Earth's environment, from the bottom of the ocean to the surface of the sun, and conserving coastal and marine resources.

Training dataset

A large collection of information and observations used to teach an artificial intelligence system how to recognize patterns and make predictions.

Numerical weather model

A traditional computer program that uses mathematical equations and physics principles to forecast future weather by simulating Earth's atmospheric and oceanic processes.

Earth system forecasting

Predicting future conditions of Earth's interconnected systems, including weather, climate, oceans, and space weather, often using advanced computer models.

Data assimilation

The process of combining real-world observations with computer model predictions to create a more accurate and up-to-date picture of current environmental conditions, which then helps improve future forecasts.