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Reduction in Force (RIF)

A process used by federal agencies to reduce the number of employees due to lack of work, budget shortfalls, or reorganizations, often resulting in layoffs.

Moratorium

A temporary ban or suspension of an activity.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

A U.S. government agency that conducts research and sets standards in various areas of science, technology, and industry.

Involuntary Separation

When an employer ends an employee's job without the employee's consent, such as a firing or layoff.

Competitive Service

A category of federal employment where applicants must compete through examinations or other merit-based processes.

Excepted Service

A category of federal employment that is exempt from the competitive hiring rules, often used for positions requiring specialized skills or for policy-making roles.

Senior Executive Service (SES)

A corps of federal managers and executives who lead federal agencies and play a key role in implementing government policy.