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Medicare-Dependent Hospital (MDH)

A small rural hospital that receives a high percentage of its patient revenue from Medicare, making it particularly reliant on these federal payments.

Low-Volume Hospital (LVH)

A hospital, often in a rural area, that sees a relatively small number of patients, which can make it harder to cover operating costs.

Fiscal Year

The 12-month period that a government or business uses for budgeting and accounting. The U.S. federal government's fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30.

Comptroller General of the United States (GAO)

The head of the Government Accountability Office (GAO), an independent agency that provides audit, evaluation, and investigative services for the U.S. Congress.

Rural Hospital Classifications

Different categories assigned to rural hospitals by Medicare (e.g., Critical Access, Sole Community) that can affect their payment rates and eligibility for special programs.

Social Security Act, Title XVIII

The part of federal law that establishes the Medicare program, which provides health insurance for Americans aged 65 and older, and some younger people with disabilities.