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Microarray analysis

A lab technique that checks for the activity of many genes at once, often used to study cancer cells.

DNA sequencing

A process that determines the exact order of the building blocks (nucleotides) in a DNA molecule, revealing genetic information.

RNA sequencing

A method to determine the order of building blocks in RNA, showing which genes are active and how much, which can be important for cancer.

Whole-exome sequencing

A test that looks at all the protein-coding parts of genes (exomes) in a person's DNA to find genetic changes that might cause disease.

Next-generation sequencing

A modern, high-speed technology that can read millions of DNA or RNA sequences at once, much faster than older methods.

Genomic testing

Medical tests that look at a person's entire genetic makeup (genome) or specific parts of it to find information about diseases like cancer.

Clinical diagnostic laboratory test

A laboratory test performed on human samples (like blood or tissue) to help diagnose a disease or condition, determine treatment, or monitor health.