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Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)

A 1978 federal law that sets out procedures for the physical and electronic surveillance and collection of foreign intelligence information from foreign powers and agents of foreign powers suspected of espionage or terrorism.

Pen Register

A device or program that records the phone numbers dialed from a particular telephone line or the addresses to which emails are sent, but does not record the content of the communication.

Trap and Trace Device

A device or program that records the incoming phone numbers or email addresses from which a communication originates, but does not record the content of the communication.

Electronic Surveillance

Using electronic, mechanical, or other devices to acquire the content of private communications (like phone calls or emails) or to monitor places, under circumstances where a person expects privacy and a warrant would normally be needed.

Foreign Intelligence Information

Information related to the U.S.'s ability to protect against attacks, terrorism, or other hostile acts from foreign powers, or information related to national defense, security, or foreign affairs concerning foreign powers or territory.

Fourth Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution that protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government and requires warrants to be supported by probable cause.