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Joint Resolution

A legislative measure, similar to a bill, that typically proposes a constitutional amendment or a declaration of war. It must be approved by both houses of Congress.

Ratification

The official way to approve or confirm something, such as a constitutional amendment, by getting formal consent from the states.

Balanced Budget

A financial plan where a government's total spending does not exceed its total income over a specific period, meaning it doesn't spend more money than it brings in.

Expenditures

The total amount of money spent by the government on programs, services, and other obligations.

Receipts

The total amount of money collected by the government, primarily through taxes and fees.

Roll Call Vote

A vote in Congress where each member's vote is individually recorded and made public, often by calling out their name.

Supermajority

A requirement for a proposal to be passed by a greater percentage of votes than a simple majority (e.g., two-thirds of all members, rather than just over half).