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Constitutional Amendment

A formal change or addition to the United States Constitution, which is the supreme law of the land. It requires a specific, difficult process involving both Congress and the states to be approved.

Government Shutdown

A situation where non-essential government operations cease and federal employees are furloughed because Congress has failed to pass legislation to fund government agencies.

Compensation

The salary, wages, or other financial benefits received by an individual in exchange for their work or service. In this context, it refers to the pay received by Members of Congress.

Lapse in Appropriations

A break or gap in the legal authority for the government to spend money, typically occurring when Congress fails to pass new spending bills before existing ones expire.

Joint Resolution

A legislative measure, requiring approval by both chambers of Congress and the President's signature (or a two-thirds vote to override a veto), that can be used to propose constitutional amendments, declare war, or for other specific purposes. When proposing a constitutional amendment, it does not require the President's signature.

Ratification

The act of formally approving a treaty, agreement, or, in this case, a proposed constitutional amendment, typically done by a vote of state legislatures.