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Joint Resolution

A legislative measure that must be passed by both chambers of Congress and signed by the President to become law, similar to a bill. Often used for constitutional amendments, declarations of war, or continuing resolutions.

Executive Order

A directive issued by the President of the United States that manages operations of the federal government. They have the force of law but can be overturned by Congress or the courts.

District of Columbia Home Rule Act

A law passed by Congress in 1973 that granted the District of Columbia greater self-government, allowing its citizens to elect a mayor and city council. However, Congress retains ultimate authority over D.C. laws and budgets.

Emergency

A situation, often sudden, that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment, requiring urgent intervention. In this context, it refers to a formal declaration by the President that grants certain powers or resources.